/
Infection: Infection:

Infection: - PowerPoint Presentation

tatyana-admore
tatyana-admore . @tatyana-admore
Follow
382 views
Uploaded On 2015-11-22

Infection: - PPT Presentation

Otitis Media and Conjunctivitis Benita Beard amp Brenda Stepp ID: 201876

ear infection conjunctivitis otitis infection ear otitis conjunctivitis media eye fluid infections www children middle http common interventions pain

Share:

Link:

Embed:

Download Presentation from below link

Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Infection:" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.


Presentation Transcript

Slide1
Slide2

Infection:

Otitis Media and Conjunctivitis

Benita Beard & Brenda Stepp

2013 Slide3

Infection:

Otitis MediaSlide4

Infection: Otitis Media

An

inflammation of the middle ear, usually caused by bacteria, that occurs when fluid builds up behind the eardrum.Slide5

Infection: Otitis Media

Three types:

Acute

otitis media

-

Parts of the middle ear are infected and swollen and fluid is trapped behind the eardrum

.

Otitis media with

effusion -

fluid is

trapped behind the

eardrum following an ear infection.

Chronic otitis media with effusion -

fluid remains in the middle ear for a

prolonged period of time or reoccurs after the infection has resolved.Slide6

Infection: Otitis Media

2/3 of all children under the age of one will experience an ear infection.

Half of the children experiencing an ear infection will then experience three or more ear infections by the age of three.Slide7

Infection: Otitis Media

Eustachian tubes connect the middle ear to the nose.

In children, the Eustachian tube is smaller, shorter and straighter than in adults. This makes it easier for drainage from the eyes, throat or nose to enter the middle ear.

Any swelling or fluid from colds

, upper respiratory

infections, a

sore throat or enlarged adenoids

can impair or prevent fluid drainage, creating an environment for viral or bacterial infections

.Slide8

Infection: Otitis Media

Manifestations

Ear Pain,

esp when reclining

Irritability

Anorexia

Ear Drainage

Fever

Chills

Malaise

Pulling on Ear

Tinnitus

Impaired balance

Hearing Loss

Difficulty Sleeping

Nausea, vomiting, or

diarrheaSlide9

Infection: Otitis Media

Medical Interventions:

80

% of all ear infections will improve without

antibiotics

Observe for 48-72 hours - if condition does not improve or worsens – antibiotics

(they can cause

vomiting, diarrhea, allergic reaction

)

Acetaminophen

or

Ibuprofen

for pain

Ear

Drops -

antipyrine-benzocaine- glycerin

(

Aurodex)Slide10

Infection: Otitis Media

Three ear infections in

six months or four

infections in

a year with at least one occurring in the past six months — or otitis media with effusion — meets criteria for surgical interventions

Surgical Interventions:

Myringotomy –

a tiny hole in the eardrum that enables

the surgeon

to suction fluids out of the middle

ear.

Tympanostomy – a miniscule tube is placed

in the

tympanic opening

to help ventilate

and

prevent the accumulation of more

fluids in the

middle

ear.

Adenoidectomy – removal of adenoidsSlide11

Infection: Otitis Media

Post myringotomy:

It is normal for the tubes to drain fluid for 3-4 days after surgery. Call doctor if fluid is noted after it has stopped.

The tubes should remain in place for several months. They will eventually fall out or will be removed by the physician in his office.

Antibiotic ear drops may be ordered to be placed directly into the ear.

It is imperative that water and fluids are not allowed to enter the ear. If allowed to enter pain and infection can occur. Ear plugs, bathing caps, etc. may be used for prevention.

Call doctor if yellow or green fluid is draining from the ear or if fever is present.Slide12

Infection: Otitis Media

Education

Anything that blocks, causes swelling or fluid accumulation in the Eustachian tubes can lead to otitis media.

Avoid passive smoke

Limit exposure to other children with colds or allergies

(esp. vulnerable if in day care)

Avoid the reclining position when bottle feeding

Avoid possible environmental allergens

Poverty can lead to unavoidable exposure to multiple factors that can lead to otitis media.Slide13

Infection

: Otitis Media

Prevention

Institute measures to help protect the immature

immune

system of young children and help prevent otitis media.

Utilize

good

handwashing

Breastfeed

for

at least 6 months-increases immunity

Obtain immunizations

Xylitol (eat

or

chew) – a natural

sugar

in some gums and candies that

inhibits growth of

bacteriaSlide14

Infection:

ConjunctivitisSlide15

Infection: Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis

(pink eye) - an

inflammation or infection of the

conjunctiva

O

ne

of the most common and

treatable

eye conditions

in children

and adults.

G

ives

the eye a pink or reddish color

.

May

affect one or both

eyes

Some forms are very contagiousSlide16

Infection: Conjunctivitis

D

iagnosed from patient history and signs

and symptoms

Patient history:

Runny nose

Cold

Respiratory infection

Sore throat

S

pread

through direct hand-to-eye

contact and by

large respiratory tract droplets. Slide17

Infection: Conjunctivitis

Signs and Symptoms

Redness

or swelling of the

eye

Excessive tearing

Swollen eyelids

White, yellow or

green

discharge

Itching or burning sensation

Increased sensitivity to

light

Blurred vision

Gritty feeling in the eye

Crusting of eyelids or lashes

Eye pain Slide18

Infection: Conjunctivitis

Types:

Viral

Bacterial

Allergic

(including irritant)

NeonatalSlide19

Infection:

Conjunctivitis

Viral

Most

common cause

P

roduces

a watery

discharge

V

ery contagious

Usually lasts 7–14 days, but may last 2-3 weeks

Adenoviruses - Most common causative organism

No longer contagious once tearing and matting has resolved Slide20

Infection: Conjunctivitis

Viral -

Interventions

No

specific treatment

Warm compresses

Antiviral medication – if caused by

viruses

such as herpes simplex

or

varicella-zoster

Topical steroid dropsSlide21

Infection: Conjunctivitis

Bacterial

H

as thicker usually yellow-green discharge

V

ery contagious

M

ore

common in children than

in adults

Occurs less often in

children

over the age of 5.Slide22

Infection: Conjunctivitis

Bacterial

- Common bacterial causative organisms

Staphylococcus aureus

Haemophilus

species

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Slide23

Infection: Conjunctivitis

Interventions

Warm

or cool compresses

Antibiotic

eye drops or

ointments

Acetaminophen or

Ibuprofen

for painSlide24

Infection:

Conjunctivitis

Allergic

Common Allergens & Irritants

 

Pollen from trees, plants, grasses, and weeds

Dust mites

Animal dander

Molds

Contact lenses and lens solution

Cosmetics

S

wimming pool chlorine

Smog

MedicationsSlide25

Conjunctivitis

Allergic

Improves

when the allergen is

removed

Interventions

Cool

compresses

Artificial

tears

Non-steroidal

anti-inflammatory medications

Antihistamines/Allergy

medications

Topical antihistamine

Vasoconstrictor

eye dropsSlide26

Infection: Conjunctivitis

Neonatal

Results from:

Irritants

Blocked tear

duct

Infection

-

Ophthalmia

Neonatorum

- a

severe form

that

occurs

as a result of exposure

to

sexually transmitted infections

(esp. Chlamydia

or

gonorrhea)

while passing through the birth canal.

May lead

to permanent eye damage unless

treated

immediately. Slide27

Infection: Conjunctivitis

Education/Prevention

Don't

touch your eyes with your hands.

Wash your hands often.

Use a clean towel and washcloth daily.

Don't share towels or washcloths.

Change your pillowcases often.

Throw away your eye cosmetics, such as mascara.

Don't share eye cosmetics or personal eye care items.

Replace eye cosmetics regularly.

Wash pillowcases, sheets, washcloths, and towels in hot water and

detergent

Stop wearing contact

lenses while infected

Use new disposable contacts or extremely clean hard contacts once infection has cleared.Slide28

Infection: Resources

http

://www.mayoclinic.com/health/medical/IM02179

http://

www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001010.htm

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002005

/

http://www.cdc.gov/conjunctivitis

/

http://

www.aoa.org/conjunctivitis.xml

www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hearing/pages/earinfections.as

..

www.mayoclinic.com/health/ear-infections/DS00303

http://

www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/eyes/Pages/Conjunctivitis-Pink-Eye.aspx

http://

emedicine.medscape.com/article/994656-overview