Otitis Media and Conjunctivitis Benita Beard amp Brenda Stepp ID: 201876
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Slide1Slide2
Infection:
Otitis Media and Conjunctivitis
Benita Beard & Brenda Stepp
2013 Slide3
Infection:
Otitis MediaSlide4
Infection: Otitis Media
An
inflammation of the middle ear, usually caused by bacteria, that occurs when fluid builds up behind the eardrum.Slide5
Infection: Otitis Media
Three types:
Acute
otitis media
-
Parts of the middle ear are infected and swollen and fluid is trapped behind the eardrum
.
Otitis media with
effusion -
fluid is
trapped behind the
eardrum following an ear infection.
Chronic otitis media with effusion -
fluid remains in the middle ear for a
prolonged period of time or reoccurs after the infection has resolved.Slide6
Infection: Otitis Media
2/3 of all children under the age of one will experience an ear infection.
Half of the children experiencing an ear infection will then experience three or more ear infections by the age of three.Slide7
Infection: Otitis Media
Eustachian tubes connect the middle ear to the nose.
In children, the Eustachian tube is smaller, shorter and straighter than in adults. This makes it easier for drainage from the eyes, throat or nose to enter the middle ear.
Any swelling or fluid from colds
, upper respiratory
infections, a
sore throat or enlarged adenoids
can impair or prevent fluid drainage, creating an environment for viral or bacterial infections
.Slide8
Infection: Otitis Media
Manifestations
Ear Pain,
esp when reclining
Irritability
Anorexia
Ear Drainage
Fever
Chills
Malaise
Pulling on Ear
Tinnitus
Impaired balance
Hearing Loss
Difficulty Sleeping
Nausea, vomiting, or
diarrheaSlide9
Infection: Otitis Media
Medical Interventions:
80
% of all ear infections will improve without
antibiotics
Observe for 48-72 hours - if condition does not improve or worsens – antibiotics
(they can cause
vomiting, diarrhea, allergic reaction
)
Acetaminophen
or
Ibuprofen
for pain
Ear
Drops -
antipyrine-benzocaine- glycerin
(
Aurodex)Slide10
Infection: Otitis Media
Three ear infections in
six months or four
infections in
a year with at least one occurring in the past six months — or otitis media with effusion — meets criteria for surgical interventions
Surgical Interventions:
Myringotomy –
a tiny hole in the eardrum that enables
the surgeon
to suction fluids out of the middle
ear.
Tympanostomy – a miniscule tube is placed
in the
tympanic opening
to help ventilate
and
prevent the accumulation of more
fluids in the
middle
ear.
Adenoidectomy – removal of adenoidsSlide11
Infection: Otitis Media
Post myringotomy:
It is normal for the tubes to drain fluid for 3-4 days after surgery. Call doctor if fluid is noted after it has stopped.
The tubes should remain in place for several months. They will eventually fall out or will be removed by the physician in his office.
Antibiotic ear drops may be ordered to be placed directly into the ear.
It is imperative that water and fluids are not allowed to enter the ear. If allowed to enter pain and infection can occur. Ear plugs, bathing caps, etc. may be used for prevention.
Call doctor if yellow or green fluid is draining from the ear or if fever is present.Slide12
Infection: Otitis Media
Education
Anything that blocks, causes swelling or fluid accumulation in the Eustachian tubes can lead to otitis media.
Avoid passive smoke
Limit exposure to other children with colds or allergies
(esp. vulnerable if in day care)
Avoid the reclining position when bottle feeding
Avoid possible environmental allergens
Poverty can lead to unavoidable exposure to multiple factors that can lead to otitis media.Slide13
Infection
: Otitis Media
Prevention
Institute measures to help protect the immature
immune
system of young children and help prevent otitis media.
Utilize
good
handwashing
Breastfeed
for
at least 6 months-increases immunity
Obtain immunizations
Xylitol (eat
or
chew) – a natural
sugar
in some gums and candies that
inhibits growth of
bacteriaSlide14
Infection:
ConjunctivitisSlide15
Infection: Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis
(pink eye) - an
inflammation or infection of the
conjunctiva
O
ne
of the most common and
treatable
eye conditions
in children
and adults.
G
ives
the eye a pink or reddish color
.
May
affect one or both
eyes
Some forms are very contagiousSlide16
Infection: Conjunctivitis
D
iagnosed from patient history and signs
and symptoms
Patient history:
Runny nose
Cold
Respiratory infection
Sore throat
S
pread
through direct hand-to-eye
contact and by
large respiratory tract droplets. Slide17
Infection: Conjunctivitis
Signs and Symptoms
Redness
or swelling of the
eye
Excessive tearing
Swollen eyelids
White, yellow or
green
discharge
Itching or burning sensation
Increased sensitivity to
light
Blurred vision
Gritty feeling in the eye
Crusting of eyelids or lashes
Eye pain Slide18
Infection: Conjunctivitis
Types:
Viral
Bacterial
Allergic
(including irritant)
NeonatalSlide19
Infection:
Conjunctivitis
Viral
Most
common cause
P
roduces
a watery
discharge
V
ery contagious
Usually lasts 7–14 days, but may last 2-3 weeks
Adenoviruses - Most common causative organism
No longer contagious once tearing and matting has resolved Slide20
Infection: Conjunctivitis
Viral -
Interventions
No
specific treatment
Warm compresses
Antiviral medication – if caused by
viruses
such as herpes simplex
or
varicella-zoster
Topical steroid dropsSlide21
Infection: Conjunctivitis
Bacterial
H
as thicker usually yellow-green discharge
V
ery contagious
M
ore
common in children than
in adults
Occurs less often in
children
over the age of 5.Slide22
Infection: Conjunctivitis
Bacterial
- Common bacterial causative organisms
Staphylococcus aureus
Haemophilus
species
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Slide23
Infection: Conjunctivitis
Interventions
Warm
or cool compresses
Antibiotic
eye drops or
ointments
Acetaminophen or
Ibuprofen
for painSlide24
Infection:
Conjunctivitis
Allergic
Common Allergens & Irritants
Pollen from trees, plants, grasses, and weeds
Dust mites
Animal dander
Molds
Contact lenses and lens solution
Cosmetics
S
wimming pool chlorine
Smog
MedicationsSlide25
Conjunctivitis
Allergic
Improves
when the allergen is
removed
Interventions
Cool
compresses
Artificial
tears
Non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory medications
Antihistamines/Allergy
medications
Topical antihistamine
Vasoconstrictor
eye dropsSlide26
Infection: Conjunctivitis
Neonatal
Results from:
Irritants
Blocked tear
duct
Infection
-
Ophthalmia
Neonatorum
- a
severe form
that
occurs
as a result of exposure
to
sexually transmitted infections
(esp. Chlamydia
or
gonorrhea)
while passing through the birth canal.
May lead
to permanent eye damage unless
treated
immediately. Slide27
Infection: Conjunctivitis
Education/Prevention
Don't
touch your eyes with your hands.
Wash your hands often.
Use a clean towel and washcloth daily.
Don't share towels or washcloths.
Change your pillowcases often.
Throw away your eye cosmetics, such as mascara.
Don't share eye cosmetics or personal eye care items.
Replace eye cosmetics regularly.
Wash pillowcases, sheets, washcloths, and towels in hot water and
detergent
Stop wearing contact
lenses while infected
Use new disposable contacts or extremely clean hard contacts once infection has cleared.Slide28
Infection: Resources
http
://www.mayoclinic.com/health/medical/IM02179
http://
www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001010.htm
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002005
/
http://www.cdc.gov/conjunctivitis
/
http://
www.aoa.org/conjunctivitis.xml
www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hearing/pages/earinfections.as
..
www.mayoclinic.com/health/ear-infections/DS00303
http://
www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/eyes/Pages/Conjunctivitis-Pink-Eye.aspx
http://
emedicine.medscape.com/article/994656-overview