Part One Biology 10A Learning Objectives Identify major organ systems in animals Describe the interactions that occur among systems to carry out vital animal functions Interactions Among Animal Systems ID: 593193
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Slide1
Interactions Among Animal Systems(Part One)
Biology 10(A)Slide2Learning Objectives
Identify major organ systems in animalsDescribe the interactions that occur among systems to carry out vital animal functionsInteractions Among Animal SystemsSlide3An organism consists of several levels of organization
Levels of OrganizationSlide4Eleven major organ systems:
Animal SystemsSystemFunction(s)SkeletalStructural supportMuscularMovementIntegumentary (skin)Barrier from external environmentCirculatory/CardiovascularTransport molecules
throughout bodyRespiratoryExchange carbon dioxide & oxygen
Digestive
Break
down food molecules
Excretory/Urinary
Remove waste
products
from blood
Immune
Destroy pathogens
that enter body
Nervous
Send regulatory
messages throughout body
Endocrine
Produce hormones
that regulate vital processes
Reproductive
Production of sex cells & offspringSlide5Organ systems interact to carry out vital functions
Examples:RegulationNutrient absorptionReproductionDefense against injury and illnessInteractions Among Animal SystemsSlide6Regulation
– process of maintaining vital body conditions within an acceptable range in order to preserve homeostasisHomeostasis – stable internal conditions required for body systems to functionNegative FeedbackRegulationSlide7Mechanism consists of three parts:
Receptors – sensors that monitor body conditionsControl center – brain interprets input from receptors and sends signals to effectorsEffectors – organs that respond to brain signals to return body conditions to acceptable rangeNegative FeedbackControl CenterReceptorsEffectorsSlide8Regulated body conditions include:
Body temperature Heart and respiration ratesMolecule concentrations in blood RegulationSlide9Constant internal temperature required to maintain optimal function of cellular processes
Negative feedback loop:Receptors in skin and brain monitor temperatureHigh temperature – brain signals sweat glands to cool body downLow temperature – brain signals muscles to contract (shiver) to warm body upBody TemperatureSlide10
Organ systems involved:Body TemperatureSystemFunctionsIntegumentarySkin contains temperature receptors & sweat glandsMuscularMuscle contractions (shivering)
NervousBrain interprets input from temperature receptors and signals effectors to adjust body temperatureSlide11Heart rate – number of times heart contracts per minute
Respiration rate – number of breaths per minuteBody varies these rates based on oxygen needs of body cellsExample: ExerciseCells utilize oxygen fasterBlood pressure rises tomeet increased oxygen demandHeart and respiration rates increaseHeart and Respiration RatesSlide12
Negative feedback loop:Receptors in blood vessels and brain monitor blood pressure and oxygen levels in bloodHigh blood pressure – brain signalsheart to decrease heart rateLow blood pressure – brain signalsheart to increase heart rateHigh oxygen levels – brain signalslungs to decrease respiration rateLow oxygen levels – brain signalslungs to increase respiration rateHeart and Respiration RatesSlide13
Organ systems involved:Heart and Respiration RatesSystemFunctionsCirculatoryHeart varies heart rate according to signals from brainRespiratoryLungs vary respiration rate according to signals from brainNervous
Monitors blood pressure and oxygen levelsSends signals to heart and lungs to adjust heart and respiration
ratesSlide14Body monitors molecule concentrations in blood to ensure appropriate delivery to and from cells
Regulated concentrations include:Water balanceBlood sugarUtilizes hormones sent through bloodMolecule Concentrations in BloodSlide15Negative feedback loop:
Receptors in endocrine glands monitor molecule concentrations in bloodAbnormal concentration – brain signals endocrine glands to increase or decrease hormone productionChange in blood hormone levels signals organs to adjust molecule levels in the bloodMolecule Concentrations in BloodSlide16Regulated by hormone ADH Negative feedback loop:
Too little water – ADH level increases, signaling kidneys to remove less water from bloodToo much water – ADH level decreases, signaling kidneys to remove more water from bloodExcess water also excreted through skin (sweating)Water BalanceSlide17Regulated by hormones glucagon and insulin
Glucagon – signals liver to add glucose to the bloodInsulin – signals liver, muscles, and fat cells to remove glucose from the blood Negative feedback loop:Low blood sugar – glucagon production increases and insulin production decreases, blood sugar risesHigh blood sugar – insulin level increases and glucagon level decreases, blood sugar lowersBlood SugarSlide18
Organ systems involved:Molecule Concentrations in BloodSystemFunctionsEndocrineHormone levels regulate molecule concentrations in bloodNervousReceives input from receptors Signals endocrine glands to alter hormone productionExcretory
Kidneys remove excess water from bloodIntegumentarySkin contributes to water balance (sweating)
Digestive
Liver adjusts glucose
level in
blood to regulate blood sugar
Circulatory
Blood requires appropriate concentration of molecules
Blood
t
ransports hormonesSlide19Learning Objectives
Identify major organ systems in animalsDescribe the interactions that occur among systems to carry out vital animal functionsInteractions Among Animal Systems