Aim of unit To learn about the periods of music required for Higher Music Aim of lesson To learn about the Baroque Period By the end of the lesson you should Be able to describe Baroque vocal music ID: 238538
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Slide1
Periods of Music
Aim of unit:To learn about the periods of music required for Higher MusicAim of lesson: To learn about the Baroque PeriodBy the end of the lesson you should:Be able to describe Baroque vocal musicSlide2
Baroque
Music written between c. 1600-1750 Famous composers include Bach, Handel and VivaldiDevelopment of new forms of music such as opera,
concerto
, and
oratorioSlide3
Baroque Period
Originated in ItalyArchitecture – very extravagant and intricately detailedArt – heavily influenced by religion, theatrical and dramatic in styleMusic – very ordered, lively and tunefulSlide4
Key Musical Features
PolyphonyHarpsichordMajor/MinorLong, flowing melodiesImitation Sequence
Dynamics
Ornaments
Oratorio
Cantata
Passion
OperaChorale
ConcertoFormsSuiteTernaryDa Capo Aria
Fugue
Canon
Chorale PreludeSlide5
Choral MusicSlide6
Opera
A musical drama featuring singing, acting, set, costumes and orchestral accompanimentOperas are usually written in a foreign language such as Italian or German
videoSlide7
Oratorio
A story from the Bible set to musicFeatures soloists, chorus and orchestra
Can include
recitative
,
arias
and duets
Is performed without acting or stage designCan be in English or German
Hosanna
Zion
Rejoice
Praise Him
LordSlide8
Recitative
A type of vocal writing where the music follows the rhythm of speech. It is used in operas to move the story or plot on. videoSlide9
Aria
A song with orchestral accompaniment which is heard in operaSlide10
Cantata
A small-scale oratorioFeatures soloists, chorus and orchestraSlide11
Passion
An oratorio which is based on the ‘Passion’, the Crucifixion of Christ.Text is in German and features chorales as well as recitatives, arias and choruses
videoSlide12
Chorale
A hymn tune sung in GermanSlide13
Female Voices
Soprano – Highest female voiceMezzo-Soprano - A female singer whose voice range lies between that of a soprano and an alto Alto – Lowest female voiceSlide14
Male Voices
Counter Tenor - A male adult voice whose range is higher than a tenor's Tenor - Highest male voiceBaritone - A male voice whose range lies between that of Bass and Tenor. Bass – Lowest male voice
2 videosSlide15
A Capella
Unaccompanied singingSlide16
Melisma
Vocal music in which several notes are sung to one syllable Slide17
Syllabic
Vocal music where each syllable is given one note only Slide18
1. Tick one box from column A to identify the voice and one box from column B to identify the type of composition
Column A Column B
Soprano
Counter Tenor
Baritone
Bass
Recitative
Chorale
Opera
PassionSlide19
2. Tick three boxes to describe what you hear
Alto
Ground Bass
Melisma
Oratorio
Soprano
OperaSlide20
3. Tick one box to describe the type of composition
Passion
Oratorio
Recitative
OperaSlide21
4. Tick three boxes to describe the music
syllabic
consort
aria
a cappella
homophonic
choraleSlide22
Instrumental MusicSlide23
Concerto
A work for soloist and orchestra e.g. solo violin and orchestra, solo piano and orchestra etc
videoSlide24
Concerto Grosso
A type of concerto in which a group of soloists (concertino) is combined and contrasted with a larger group (ripieno).
videoSlide25
Harpsichord
Keyboard instrumentStrings inside are plucked when a key is pressedNo dynamics
videoSlide26
Basso Continuo
A bass line (basso continuo) played by cello, bass, viola or bassoon. In addition the harpsichord, organ or lute player was expected to fill in harmonies built on that bass line. Sometimes figures were written under the bass line indicating the chords the composer would like played. This was called figured bass.Slide27
Chorale Prelude
An extended composition for organ based on a chorale melody. The melody can be treated in a variety of ways, e.g. fugal style and variation form.
videoSlide28
Canon
Strict imitation. After one part starts to play or sing a melody, another part enters shortly afterwards with exactly the same melody.
videoSlide29
Fugue
A contrapuntal piece based on a theme (subject) announced in one voice part alone, then imitated by other voices in close succession.videoSlide30
Polyphony/Contrapuntal
Texture which consists of two or more melodic lines, possibly of equal importance and which weave independently of each other. Slide31
FormsSlide32
Ternary Form
A B A. - A form where the first section is always repeated at the end.Slide33
Da Capo Aria
An aria in Ternary form (ABA) used in opera and oratorio in the 17th and 18th centuries.Slide34
Suite
A set of dances or a collection of pieces which are part of a larger scale work.Slide35
Musical DevicesSlide36
Imitation
Where the melody is immediately copied by another part. It need not be an exact copy. Slide37
Sequence
A melodic phrase which is immediately repeated at a higher or lower pitch.Slide38
Dynamics
Forte:Mezzo-Forte:Mezzo-Piano:Piano:
Loud
Quite Loud
Quite Soft
SoftSlide39
Crescendo
To gradually become louderSlide40
Diminuendo
To gradually become quieterSlide41
Ornaments
Embellishments or decorations to the melodySlide42
Trill
Rapid and repeated movement between two adjacent notes. Slide43
Turn
Four notes which turn round the main note with the note above, the main note, the note below, and the main note again. An inverted turn starts with the note below reversing the process.Slide44
Mordent
An ornament which sounds the main note, the note above and then the main note again. An inverted mordent sounds the main note, the note below and then the main note again. Slide45
Appoggiatura
An ornament which sounds like a leaning note Slide46
Acciaccatura
An ornament which sounds like a crushed note played very quickly on the beat or just before it. Slide47
Obbligato
A prominent solo instrument part in a piece of vocal music. Slide48
Countermelody
A melody played against the main melody Slide49
Cadenza
A passage of music which allows soloists to display their technical ability in singing or playing an instrument. Most commonly found in concerto
cadenzaSlide50
Tierce de Picardie
The final chord of a piece of music in the minor key is changed to major The light at the end of the tunnelSlide51
Suspension
When a note from one chord is held over to the next chord creating a discord, and is then resolved by moving one step to make a concord. Slide52
Coloratura
Term for very high, florid vocal singing involving scales, runs and ornamentsSlide53
1 The group of the main body of strings in a Concerto Grosso…
2. Baroque composition for instrumental soloists and orchestra …3. Bass line in early compositions up to and including the Baroque period…4. The solo group in a Concerto Grosso…5. An Ornament: note itself, note above, note itself, note below…
6. Set of dances or pieces; on their own or part of larger work…
HomeworkSlide54
Write a short definition of these concepts
Try to do this without referring to your notes!Tierce de PicardieFugueObbligatoSuiteConcerto GrossoDa Capo AriaCountertenorOratorioPassionChorale Prelude