Presented by Shoipatri Basu 16H01 Mahesh Chougule 16H02 Animesh Paliwal 16H10 Sahiba Oberoi 16H25 Pratiksha Worlikar 16H26 Anahita Patel ID: 733519
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Slide1
TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Presented by:
Shoipatri
Basu 16-H-01
Mahesh
Chougule
16-H-02
Animesh
Paliwal 16-H-10
Sahiba
Oberoi
16-H-25
Pratiksha
Worlikar
16-H-26
Anahita
Patel
16-H-33Slide2
2
What is an Information System?
An organized combination of people, hardware, software, communications networks, and data resources that collects data, transforms it, and disseminates information.Slide3
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So how do we Manage this
Data?
Slide8
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So what is an Information System
?Slide9
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DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMTRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEM
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
EXPERT SYSTEM
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TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMSSlide13
Transaction processing is a style of computing that divides work into individual, indivisible operations, called transactions. A transaction processing system (TPS) or transaction server is a software system, or software/hardware combination, that supports transaction processing .
A transaction process system (TPS) is an information processing system for business transactions involving the collection, modification and retrieval of all transaction data. It’s a process that captures, enters, stores, retrieves, and processes the relevant details of the business events and generates the information and documents necessary for running the business.
TRANSACTION PROCESSING/ REAL TIME PROCESSINGSlide14
TYPES OF TRANSACTION PROCESSING
PROCESSING IN A BATCH
PROCESSING IN REAL TIMESlide15
TRANSACTION PROCESSING FEATURES
PERFORMANCE
CONTINUOUS AVAILABILITY
DATA INTEGRITY
EASE OF USE
MODULAR GROWTHSlide16
NETWORK STRUCTURES IN TRANSACTION PROCESSING
HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE
NETWORK STRUCTURE
RELATIONAL STRUCTURESlide17
The role of MIS in an organization can be compared to the role of heart in the body.
The information is the blood and MIS is the heart. In the body the heart plays the role of supplying pure blood to all the elements of the body including the brain.
The MIS plays exactly the same role in the organization.
The system ensures that an appropriate data is collected from the various sources, processed, and sent further to all the needy destinations.
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Role Of MIS
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The system is expected to fulfill the information needs of an individual, a group of individuals, the management functionaries: the managers and the top management.
The MIS satisfies the diverse needs through a variety of systems such as Query Systems, Analysis Systems, Modeling Systems and Decision Support Systems.
The MIS helps in Strategic Planning, Management Control, Operational Control and Transaction Processing.
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Management-oriented: The basic objective of MIS is to provide information support to the management in the organization for decision making.
Management directed:
When MIS is management-oriented, it should be directed by the management because it is the management who tells their needs and requirements more effectively than anybody else.
Integrated: It means a comprehensive or complete view of all the subsystems in the organization of a company.
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Characteristics
of MIS
Slide20
Common data flows: The integration of different subsystems will lead to a common data flow which will further help in avoiding duplicacy and redundancy in data collection, storage and processing.
Heavy planning-element:
The preparation of MIS is not a one or two day exercise. It usually takes 3 to 5 years and sometimes a much longer period.
Subsystem concept: When a problem is seen in 2 sub parts, then the better solution to the problem is possible.20Slide21
Common database: This is the basic feature of MIS to achieve the objective of using MIS in business organizations.
Computerized:
MIS can be used without a computer. But the use of computers increases the effectiveness and the efficiency of the system.
User friendly/Flexibility: An MIS should be flexible.Information as a resource: Information is the major ingredient of any MIS.
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TimelinessAccuracyConsistency
Completeness
Relevance
22Features of MIS Slide23
It improves personal efficiency.It expedites problem solving(speed up the progress of problems solving in an organization).
It facilitates interpersonal communication
It promotes learning or training.
It increases organizational control.It generates new evidence in support of a decision.It creates a competitive advantage over competition.
It encourages exploration and discovery on the part of the decision maker.
It reveals new approaches to thinking about the problem space.
It helps automate the Managerial processes.
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Benefits of MISSlide24
DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMSlide25Slide26Slide27
DefinitionBreaking down
What can a DSS analyze?
How can a DSS present information?
Where can a DSS be used?Types of decisions:
Programmed
Non-programmed
BasicsSlide28
Attributes of a DSS
Adaptability, flexibility and a quick response
High
level of InteractivityEase of
use
Efficiency
and
effectiveness
Complete
control by decision-makersEase of
development
Extendibility
Characteristics
of a
DSS
Support
for managers at various managerial levels, ranging from top executive to line
managers.
Support
for individuals and
groups.
Support
for interdependent or sequential
decisions.
Support
for intelligence, design, choice, and
implementation.
Support
for variety of decision processes and
styles.
Support for problems whose solutions cannot be specified in advance.
Support for planning, modeling and sophisticated data analysis
using small, simple models which can easily be understood and used by the manager.
Support for data access.Slide29
Benefits of DSS
Improves efficiency and speed of decision-making
activities.
Increases the control, competitiveness and capability of futuristic decision-making of the organization.
Facilitates
interpersonal
communication.
Encourages
learning or
training.Since it is mostly used in non-programmed decisions, it reveals new approaches and sets up new evidences for an unusual decision.
Helps
automate managerial processes.
Components of a DSS
Following are the components of the Decision Support System:
Database Management System (DBMS)
: To solve a problem the necessary data may come from internal or external database. In an organization, internal data are generated by a system such as MIS. External data come from a variety of sources such as newspapers, online data services, databases (financial, marketing, human resources).
Model Management System
: It stores and accesses models that managers use to make decisions. Such models are used for designing manufacturing facility, analyzing the financial health of an organization, forecasting demand of a product or service, etc.
Support Tools
: Support tools like online help; pulls down menus, user interfaces, graphical analysis, error correction mechanism, facilitates the user interactions with the system.Slide30
Classification of DSS
Text Oriented DSS:
It contains textually represented information that could have a bearing on decision. It allows documents to be electronically created, revised and viewed as needed.
Database Oriented DSS: Database plays a major role here; it contains organized and highly structured data.
Spreadsheet Oriented DSS:
It contains information in spread sheets that allows create, view, modify procedural knowledge and also instructs the system to execute self-contained instructions. The most popular tool is Excel and Lotus 1-2-3.
Solver Oriented DSS:
It is based on a solver, which is an algorithm or procedure written for performing certain calculations and particular program type.
Rules
Oriented DSS: Procedures are adopted in rules oriented DSS.
Compound
DSS:
It is built by using two or more of the five structures explained above
.
Types of DSS
Following
are some typical DSSs:
Status Inquiry System:
It helps in taking operational, management level, or middle level management decisions, for example daily schedules of jobs to machines or machines to operators.
Data Analysis System:
It needs comparative analysis and makes use of formula or an algorithm, for example cash flow analysis, inventory analysis etc.
Information Analysis System:
In this system data is analyzed and the information report is generated. For example, sales analysis, accounts receivable systems, market analysis etc.
Accounting System:
It keeps track of accounting and finance related information, for example, final account, accounts receivables, accounts payables, etc. that keep track of the major aspects of the business.
Model Based System:
Simulation models or optimization models used for decision-making are used infrequently and creates general guidelines for operation or management.Slide31
Management Information Systems
Decision Support Systems
Decision support provided
Provide information about the performance of the organization
Provide information and techniques to analyze specific problems
Information from and frequency
Periodic, demand and responses
Interactive inquiries and responses
Information format
Pre-specified, fixed format
Flexible and adaptable format
Information processing methodology
Information produced by extraction and manipulation of business data
Information produced by analytical modeling of business dataSlide32
Expert SystemsSlide33
33What is an expert system?
“An expert system is a computer system that emulates, or acts in all respects, with the decision-making capabilities of a human expert.”
Professor Edward Feigenbaum
Stanford UniversitySlide34
Basic Components of Expert SystemsSlide35
Elements of an Expert System
User interface
– Mechanism by which user and system communicate.
Working memory – Global database of facts used by rulesInference engine – Makes inferences deciding which rules are satisfied and prioritizing.Slide36
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In Medical Field : Eg :
Mycin
,
CaDet Mycin : Medical diagnosis of illness
CaDet
: It is used for early cancer detection
In Agricultural Field
Agrex : It gives corrective advice to the farmers
In Mining Field PROSPECTOR – Geological data analysis for minerals
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USE OF EXPERT SYSTEMSSlide38
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Advantages of Expert Systems
Consistent : It provides consistent answers for repetitive decisions, process and tasks
Steady, unemotional, and complete responses at all timesMultiple expertise
Increased reliability
MultiuserSlide39
Sense : It lacks common sense needed in decision makingCreativeness
: It cannot respond creatively like human expert would in unusual circumstance
Errors
: In Knowledge base errors may occur and this leads in wrong decisionEnvironment : If Knowledge Base is changed it cannot adapt changing environment39
Dis
-advantages of Expert SystemsSlide40
Transaction Processing Systems
Data Obtained from operational-level systems, operated directly by shop floor workers or front line staff, low-level activities and basic transactions, which provide the key data required to support the management of operations
Functions of a TPS in terms of data processing requirements
Inputs
Processing
Outputs
Transactions
Events
Validation
Sorting
Listing
Merging
Updating
Calculation
Lists
Detail reports
Action reports
Summary reports?
Functions of a TPS
TPS are ultimately little more than simple data processing systems.
Some examples of TPS
Payroll systems
Order processing systems
Reservation systems
Stock control systems
Systems for payments and funds transfers
The role of TPS
Produce information for other systems
Cross boundaries (internal and external)
Used by operational personnel + supervisory levels
Efficiency oriented
HOW ARE DIFFERENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS RELEATEDSlide41
Management Information Systems
For historical reasons, many of the different types of Information Systems found in commercial organizations are referred to as "Management Information Systems". However, within our pyramid model, Management Information Systems are management-level systems that are used by middle managers to help ensure the smooth running of the organization in the short to medium term.
MIS are built on the data provided by the TPS
Functions of a MIS in terms of data processing requirements
Inputs
Processing
Outputs
Internal Transactions
Internal Files
Structured data
Sorting
Merging
Summarizing
Summary reports
Action reports
Detailed reports
Some examples of MIS
Sales management systems
Inventory control systems
Budgeting systems
Management Reporting Systems (MRS)
Personnel (HRM) systems
The role of MIS
Based on internal information flows
Support relatively structured decisions
Inflexible and have little analytical capacity
Used by lower and middle managerial levels
Deals with the past and present rather than the future
Efficiency oriented?Slide42
Decision Support Systems
Knowledge
based system, used by senior
managers to Analyze existing structured information, potential effects of their decisions into the future and are used to solve ill structured problems.
They
offer access to databases, analytical tools, allow "what if" simulations, and may support the exchange of information within the organization
.
Provides information to managers who must make judgments about particular situations. Supports decision-makers in situations
that
are not well structured.
Functions of a DSS in terms of data processing requirements
Inputs
Processing
Outputs
Internal Transactions
Internal Files
External Information?
Modelling
Simulation
Analysis
Summarizing
Summary reports
Forecasts
Graphs / Plots
Functions of a DSS
DSS manipulate and build upon the information from a MIS and/or TPS to generate insights and new information.Slide43
Types of Information Systems interrelatedSlide44
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/management_information_system/decision_support_system.htm
http://
www.investopedia.com/terms/d/decision-support-system.asp
Management Information System – Kenneth C. Loudan
, Jane P.
Loudan
.
Bibliographies and referencesSlide45
THANK YOU.