1 Globalizing Networks of Communication and Exchange Intensification of existing networks and development of new ones in the Atlantic New technology astrolabes more exact cartography caravels ID: 715414
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Slide1
Unit IV Big Picture
Early Modern PeriodSlide2
1. Globalizing Networks of Communication and ExchangeSlide3
Intensification of existing networks and development of new ones in the Atlantic
New technology: astrolabes, more exact cartography, caravels
Naval voyages of
Zheng
He
Henry the Navigator and the first school of navigation
Spanish sponsorship of Columbus’ voyageSlide4
New transoceanic shipping and a global economy
European joint-stock companies
=>
Mercantilism and capitalism develop
Silver from New World brought to Europe and used to buy Asian goods
Focus still on regional markets in Afro-Eurasia trade routes
European merchants transported goods around the world from one market to anotherSlide5
Columbian Exchange
Due to European colonization of the New World
Spread of diseases, mosquitoes, and rats that negatively affected New World population
American foods (potatoes, maize, manioc) spread to Europe and supplemented diets
Livestock (cattle, horses, pigs) brought to Americas, affecting ecosystems
African slaves brought okra, rice, bananas to AmericaSlide6
Triangle Trade
Slaves from Africa to the New World
Raw material from the Americas to Europe
Manufactured goods from Europe to Africa and the AmericasSlide7
Diffusion of religion
Islam continued to spread throughout Africa, creating syncretic religions with traditional African religions
Christianity, both Catholicism and Protestantism spreads to the Americas
Sunni/Shia split intensifies with the Ottoman and
Savafid
Empires
Sikhism created in Punjab region of India; voodoo created in Caribbean islandsSlide8
2. New Forms of Social Organization and Modes of ProductionSlide9
Workforce changes
Intensification of peasan
t labor
Frontier settlements and serfdom in Russia
Cotton textile production in India
Silk production in China
Coercive labor systems in the Americas
Cash crops (sugar, tobacco, cotton) grown on plantations that required slave
labor
Indentured servitude
Encomienda
and hacienda systems
Spanish adaption of Incan
mit’a
systemSlide10
New social classes
Casta
system in Spanish America
Manchus in China
European gentry and bourgeoisie
Urban commercial entrepreneurs in all major global port cities
However, nobility in Europe and the daimyo in Japan still retained positions in societySlide11
3. State Consolidation and Imperial ExpansionSlide12
Rulers used a variety of methods to legitimize their power
Monumental ar
chitecture, courtly literature, visual arts
Religion
Divine Right (Europe)
Shi’ism
(
Safavid
)
Sunni Islam (Songhai, Ottomans’
jizya
)
Confucianism (China)
Manchu persecution of ethnic ChineseSlide13
Expansion of Empires
Land empires:
Manchu
Mughal
Ottoman
Russian
Maritime
empires:
Portuguese
Spanish
Dutch
French
BritishSlide14
Competitions and Rivalries
Competition over Indian Ocean/Asian trade routes
Piracy in the Caribbean
Ottoman-
Safavid
conflict
Religious wars of Europe
Samurai revolts and peasant uprisings