Vol. 4, No. 1, January–March 1998Emerging Infectious Diseasesoffi - PDF document

Vol. 4, No. 1, January–March 1998Emerging Infectious Diseasesofficials. For example, staphylococcal toxic shockHowever, it is relatively uncommon forrecognized outbreak of disease is that exposure to Outbreak investigations, an important and challenging component of epidemiologyand public health, can help identify the source of ongoing outbreaks and preventadditional cases. Even when an outbreak is over, a thorough epidemiologic andenvironmental investigation often can increase our knowledge of a given disease andprevent future outbreaks. Finally, outbreak investigations provide epidemiologic trainingand foster cooperation between the clinical and public health communities. Emerging Infectious DiseasesVol. 4, No. 1, January–March 1998each of them separately.pressure to conclude them rapidly, particularly iflaboratory-confirmed case vs. clinical case; definite Vol. 4, No. 1, January–March 1998Emerging Infectious Diseasesit may be necessary to establish the backgroundis often directly proportional to the length of theundetected. When a disease is less frequentlyto how an outbreak is defined. To paraphrase a Emerging Infectious DiseasesVol. 4, No. 1, January–March 1998 was in the hospital potable water infections in New Mexico due to infections in young children insectional studies, can be equally or Vol. 4, No. 1, January–March 1998Emerging Infectious Diseasesdisease under study. Thus, each exposure ofinterest (e.g., each of the meals eaten together byare plausible and whether some of the notedcases can be accounted for by that exposure. One Emerging Infectious DiseasesVol. 4, No. 1, January–March 1998the source of infection. Studies have documentedconcerning such exposures is faulty (20). However,testing of environmental samples. However,obtained as soon as possible, either before theymishandled. Furthermore, in some outbreakscally difficult, or not available, as in the case of infections associ- infections to strawberries from Califor-responsibility to prevent further disease with the Vol. 4, No. 1, January–March 1998Emerging Infectious DiseasesHealth at the University of California, Berkeley. He is 1.Goodman RA, Buehler JW, Koplan JP. The 2.MacKenzie WR, Goodman RA. The public health 3.Chesney PJ, Chesney RW, Purdy W, Nelson D, 4.Hertzman PA, Blevins WL, Mayer J, Greenfield B, 5.Steere AC, Malawista SE, Syndman DR, Shope RF, 6.Reingold AL, Kane MA, Murphy BL, Checko P, Francis 7.Canter J, Mackey K, Good LS, Roberto RR, Chin J, 8.Mahoney FJ, Hoge CW, Farley TA, Barbaree JM, 9.Fraser DW, Tsai TR, Orenstein W, Parkin WE,10.Kriedman-Kien A, Laubenstein L, Marmor M, Hymes pneumonia among homosexual men—11.Koster F, Levy H, Mertz G, Young S, Foucar K,12.Weinstein RA, Bauer FW, Hoffman RD, Tyler PG,commercial lumbar puncture trays. JAMA13.Buehler JW, Smith LF, Wallace EM, Heath CW,14.Taylor DN, Wachsmuth IK, Shangkuan Y-H, Schmidtassociated with marijuana: a multistate outbreak15.Garbe PL, Davis BJ, Weisfeld JS, Markowitz L, Miner16.Espinosa FH, Ryan WM, Vigil PL, Gregory DF, Hilley17.Tauxe RV, Walters G, Goossen V, VanNoyer R,18.Schlech WF, Lavigne PM, Bortolussi RA, Allen AC,19.Fleming DW, Cochi SL, MacDonald KL, Brondum J,20.Decker MD, Booth AL, Dewey MJ, Fricker RS,21.Hayes EB, Matte TD, O’Brien TR, McKinley TW,22.Chambers J, Somerfieldt S, Mackey L, Nichols S, Ball infection—United States, 1996. MMWR23.Hofman J, Liu Z, Genese C, Wolf G, Manley W, Pilot K,