History Alive Chapter 9 - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

History Alive Chapter 9

Muslim Innovations and AdaptationsSlide2

9.3 City Building and Architecture

Development of new cities developed Muslim lands

New architecture

JobsSlide3

City of Baghdad

Caliph al-Mansur moved capital from Damascus to Baghdad

Closer to his empire

Today, Baghdad located between Tigris & Euphrates River

Crossroads of trade roots connecting the empireSlide4

City of Baghdad

Glorious Muslim cities

4 years to build new capital

100,000 architects, workers and craftspeople

Called “the round city”Slide5

The Mosque

Muslim house of worship

Inside is a prayer room

Worshippers sit on carpets on the floor

Imam gives the sermon from a raised pulpit called the minibar

Niche in the wall to show direction of prayer toward

MakkahSlide6

9.4 Scholarship & Learning

Highly valued

Arabic was accepted language of Islam

Shared language and love of learning allowed scholars (students) in Europe, North Africa & the Middle East to exchange ideasSlide7

Scholarship & Learning: House of Wisdom

Baghdad became a major center of learning

Caliph al-

Ma’mun

founded the House of Wisdom (830)

Scholars from many lands gather there to do research

Translated texts from Greece, Persia, India & ChinaSlide8

Scholarship & Learning:

Great Centers of Learning

Fatimid dynasty built the Cairo capital in Egypt (similar to Baghdad)

Most advanced university in the Muslim world

Hall of Wisdom – scholars and ordinary people can visit their library to read

Muslim capital, Cordoba in Spain became a large and wealthy city

Jews, Christian, & Muslims studied thereSlide9

Scholarship & Learning

Philosopher

– scholar, teacher or thinker who seeks knowledge

Muslims studied books & ancient Greek thinkers, such as the philosophers:

Plato

Aristotle

Muslim philosophers used reason &

logic

(common sense) to try to prove important truthsSlide10

Scholarship & Learning: Al-Kindi

Al-

Kindi

– a 9

th

century Arab philosopher

Said “Humans had two sources of knowledge: reason & revelation by God”

Use reason to understand faith

Some truths are knows only through God’s word

need to be belief in things that cannot be provenSlide11

Scholarship & Learning: Ibn

Sina

Ibn

Sina

– Persian who is Islam’s most famous philosopher

Known as Avicenna in

E

urope

Believed all knowledge came from God

Truth can be known through revelation & reason

Believed soul was immortal (able to live forever)Translated & influenced many medieval European thinkersSlide12

9.5 Science & Technology

Qur’an instructed Muslims to learn more about the world God made

Muslims advanced in science & technologySlide13

Science & Technology: Zoology

Evolution

– slow process of change in plants and animals from simpler forms to more complex forms

Zoology

– scientific study of animals

Books written on structure of animals’ bodies

Studied how to make medicines from animals’ parts

al-

Jahiz

presented theories about the

evolution of animalsCreated zoosSlide14

Science & Technology: Astronomy

Astronomy

– study of objects in the universe

Muslims wanted to learn about the universe

Navigational tools created to locate the direction of

Makkah

Worshippers far from the holy city can pray facing the right direction

Found accurate times for prayer and the length of the month of Ramadan

Realized Earth rotates rather than the Earth being the center of the universeSlide15

Science & Technology: Irrigation & Underground Wells

Water was scarce & land was hot and dry

Build dams & aqueducts

Improved canals & underground wells

Used water wheels to bring water up from canals & reservoirs