Professor Jacqueline Stevenson Sheffield Institute of Education Sheffield Hallam University ProfJStevenson Focus of presentation Social mobility academic success is reflected in employment ID: 681753
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Muslims, higher education, and the broken promise of social mobility
Professor Jacqueline StevensonSheffield Institute of EducationSheffield Hallam University
ProfJStevenson
Slide2
Focus of presentation
Social mobility: academic success is reflected in employment outcomes
Differential academic outcomesAccess, retention and success: ethnic penalties
Intersectionality: ethnicity and religionSocial mobility
Which groups make gains from education to employment
Which are
the least socially mobile
Focus on ethnicity sufficient?Slide3
Differential performance: ethnicity
A White British vulnerability to school underperformanceLowest performing groups at school
The socio-economic attainment gap is largest amongst White British pupils at all Key Stages Disadvantaged young people from White British backgrounds = least likely to access
HEA Black penalty in secondary schoolDespite starting school ahead with performance largely in line with national averages, Black children fail to show this advantage higher up the age
range
At Key Stage 5, Black pupils = ethnic group with lowest outcomes
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Differential performance: ethnicity
Bangladeshi and Pakistani gainsPerformance has improved at a more rapid rate than other ethnic groups at almost every key stage of
educationAlmost half of Bangladeshi and over a third of Pakistani young people from the poorest quintile go to university.Shaw, B.,
Menzies, L. et al (2016) Ethnicity, Gender and Social Mobility; London: Social Mobility CommissionSlide5
So who is socially mobile?
Social Mobility Commission - tested the premise behind the attention given to the low educational attainment of White British boys.
when it comes to the transition from education to employment, this group are less likely to be unemployed and to face social immobility than their female counterparts, black students and young Asian Muslims.
‘Broken social mobility promise’ - educational attainment not translating to labour market outcomes
Muslims are on average less likely to translate graduate qualifications into employment with matched status and pay
Particular
issue for Asian Muslims Slide6
Social immobility & Muslims
Bangladeshi and Pakistani gainsBUTMuslim
students are, almost exclusively, also BME students, ipso facto, their attainment is invariably below that of White studentsMuslims have lowest employment rate at 47.2%Only 16% in managerial/professional roles; despite being over-represented in HE
Gender/Religion: 65% of economically inactive Muslims are women71% more likely than white Christian women to be unemployed, even when they have the same educational level and language skillsSlide7
Causes?
Casey Reviewlimited labour market opportunities for Muslims, notably for Pakistani and Bangladeshi groupsMcGregor-Smith reportRacism, discrimination and bias faced by those from BME backgrounds at all stages of their
employment/careersIncreasing degree attainment ( 1st/2:1) - national imperative74.5 applications were received for every graduate recruited in 2013-2014 (
AGR, 2105)Top employers screen out lower-performing applicants: 70% of graduate employers demand at least a 2:1 degree.Plus, gaining 1st/2:1 -prerequisite for PG studySlide8
Current project
Research fro social mobility commissionHappy for me to use your reflections?Please say if not!!Slide9
Questions
Is it sufficient to consider religion as part of considerations relating to ethnicity (e.g. the BME attainment gap) or should the two be considered separately?
Should higher education, as a largely a secular space, go 'beyond compliance' or should we limit considerations of religion solely to the fulfilment of legislative responsibilities?Should Muslim students be singled out for support? Or will this simply exacerbate the current perception of Muslims as 'other'?
Should Pakistani and Bangladeshi girls - who experience the least social mobility of all groups - be the focus of HE intervention? And if so does the focus on ethnicity simply mask the fact that this is an issue pertaining to Muslim social immobility?