Afghanistan History The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan On your Left Side What do your remember of Sept 11 2001 ID: 559500
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Slide1
September 11 and Al QaedaSlide2
Afghanistan: History
The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan.Slide3Slide4
On your Left Side:
What do your remember of Sept 11, 2001?
Where were you?Slide5
Al-Qaeda Defined
A very complex organization that has been in existence since the late 1980’s
Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies.
Al-Qaeda training campSlide6
1989-95 Birth and Development
Al-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion 1987
By 1989 begins to target America
Recruits from across the globe including America
No solid base (Afghanistan, Egypt, Iraq)
1991-1996 primarily based in Sudan
Much soldier training and a system of Hierarchy stabilized (Bin Laden, Deputy, 5 committees)Slide7
Conflict with bin Laden Escalates
Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990
Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the U.S. and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia
Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991
Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests
Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban
Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998Slide8
Al-Qaeda’s Strategy
Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces. Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes.
Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)
Spreads rumors, fear and discouragement among enemy forces
Relies on a force of over 20,000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world.
The organization’s strengths are its’ secrecy extensive influence and planning. Slide9
Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988
A. Attacks:
1. World Trade Center – 1993
2. Tanzanian and Kenyan US Embassies – 1998
3. USS Cole – 2000
4. World Trade Center 2001
5. Kenyan Hotel -2002
6. Bali nightclub – 2002
7. Many attacks in Saudi Arabia – 2001-2004
8. Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank – 2004
B. Goals
:
1. to unite Muslims to fight against the U.S. as a way of defeating Israel
2. overthrowing non-Islamic regimes
3. expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries
4. merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001
5. merged with al-Zarqawi’s group -2004Slide10
Al Qaeda (cont.)
C. Individuals
:
1. Usama bin Laden
2. Abu Mus’ab al-Zarqawi
3. Ayman al-Zawahiri
D. Financing;
1. personal wealth - Usama
2. fund raising –false Muslim and humanitarian charities
3. wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)
4. individuals and businesses 5. the heroin trade Slide11
International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders
“The ruling to kill the Americans and their allies
─
civilians and military
─
is an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it.
”
Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden
& Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998Slide12
Africa
Al-Qaeda cells operate in African countries as well.
1998 bombings occurred at the U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5,000 people injured.
The U.S. responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan. Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996.
Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan.Slide13
Osama Bin Laden
"I am not afraid of death. I came here to die. Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam. They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites."
Osama Bin Laden
13Slide14Slide15
Al Qaeda
The U.S. government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called "Al Qaeda," an Arabic word meaning 'the base.'
15Slide16
The link between
September 11 and Afghanistan
Afghans did
not
carry out the terrorist attacks on the U.S.
Al-Qaeda, a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places, did.
Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the U.S. after Sept. 11.
After September 11, the U.S. invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden.
U.S. and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today.
http://www.indiadaily.org/images/9_11_attack.jpgSlide17
Al-Qaeda
Claims responsibility for attack on USA
Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies.Slide18
Al-Qaeda NetworkSlide19
Why did these people want to attack America?
According to Bin Laden, he is concerned with
American foreign policy towards
, and American
actions in, the Muslim world
US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of Arab land
US support for corrupt and repressive regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt, Jordan, Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states).
Post 9/11, the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq. Slide20
Why did these people want to attack America?
According to Bin Laden, he has never said that the attacks were, are, or will be because of
American freedoms, the rights of our citizens, or even because of our religious differences.
He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World.Slide21
Attack on the United States
The Destruction:
Fuel—The flights were near their start, therefore the tanks were full. Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers, and both towers fell within two hours.
Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building.
Human Death Toll: about 3,000
All passengers
WTC workers/visitors
340 NYC firefighters
60 NYC police officersSlide22
American Airlines Flight 11
Scheduled route: Boston to LA
Aircraft: Boeing 767
Building Hit: North Tower (WTC 1) at 8:46 AM.
92 on board
The hijackersSlide23
United Airlines Flight 175
Scheduled route: Boston to LA
Aircraft: Boeing 767
Building Hit: South Tower (WTC 2) at 9:03 AM.
65 on board
The hijackersSlide24
United Airlines Flight 175 crashes into the south towerSlide25
Map showing the attacks on the World Trade Center (the planes are not drawn to scale).Slide26
Diagram of how parts of the airplanes fell to the ground.Slide27
American Airlines Flight 77
Route: Washington, D.C. (Dulles) to L.A.
Aircraft: Boeing 757
Building Hit: Pentagon, Arlington, VA
58 on board
The hijackersSlide28
Aerial view of the Pentagon during rescue operations post-September 11 attackSlide29
United Airlines Flight 93: “Let’s Roll”
Scheduled Route: Newark, NJ to San Francisco
Aircraft: Boeing 575
Terrorists Target: Speculated to be Washington, D.C.
Crash Site: Somerset County, PA
44 on board
The passengers revolted against the hijackers, and the aircraft crashed before reaching its intended target.
The hijackersSlide30
Crash Site of United Flight 93Slide31
2002-03 Regroup and Privatize
The full-scale war brought by America was expected
Al-Qaeda groups become almost separate working loosely with mother Al-Qaeda (Southeast Asia, North America, Europe, Iraq, North Africa and East Africa)
Aside from war in Iraq since 2002 groups have made attacks on the US and seven of our allies. (18 major attacks in 11 countries)
Each Al-Qaeda group is strengthened by perceived injustices to that country (i.e. radical Egyptians in North Africa)Slide32
The Iraq Connection
Abu
Musab
al-Zarqawi is believed to have formed
Jama'at
al-
Tawhid
wal
-Jihad in Afghanistan during the 1980sMay have received some funds from al-Qaeda but operated independentlyOriginal objective was to overthrow the Jordanian government and establish an Islamic stateExpanded urban guerilla warfare in Iraq to include terrorist tactics also targeting Iraqis
Officially merged with al-Qaeda 21 October 2004 (finally providing an al-Qaeda connection to Iraq)Slide33Slide34
Hiding Out
Osama bin Laden evaded capture for almost 10 years.
In the mean time the United States had engaged in wars in Iraq (looking for weapons of mass destruction) and in Afghanistan (against the Taliban who supported terrorism).
bin Laden was suspected of hiding out in the mountainous regions of Afghanistan.