Chapter 21: Alcohol Big Ideas: - PowerPoint Presentation

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Chapter 21: Alcohol

Big Ideas:

Alcohol use can harm your body and your brain and cause you to make poor decisions

.

Choosing not to use alcohol protects you from dangerous health consequencesProblem drinking and alcoholism harm both the drinkers and the people around them

Relevant Vocabulary:

Ethanol

Fermentation

Depressant

Intoxication

Binge

drinking

Alcohol

poisoning

Psychological dependence

Physiological dependence

Alcohol abuse

Alcoholism

Blood

alcohol concentration

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Alcoholic

Recovery

Sobriety

Facts about Alcohol

About 41% of students have consumed alcohol by 8

th

gradeAbout 75% of students have consumed alcohol by the time they graduate from high schoolMore than 50% of 12th graders say they have been drunk at least onceAbout 6% of youth ages 12 -20 are heavy drinkers.

Alcohol is an addictive drug

Use during teen years effects brain development

Ethanol- the type of alcohol in alcoholic beverages, is a powerful and addictive drug. It can be produced by fermenting fruits, vegetable, and grains or synthetically.

Short term effects of Alcohol

Depressant and slows the central nervous system

Slows reaction time

Impairs vision

Diminishes judgment

Intoxication- a state in which the body is poisoned by alcohol or another substance and the person’s physical and mental control is significantly reduced.

Stays in the person’s system until the liver can metabolize it (break it down)

Factors that effect a person’s level of intoxication

Amount: The

more alcohol consumed in a specific period of time, the higher a person’s BAC will be (shooters, drinking games, etc. will heighten a person’s BAC).

Rate: Alcohol is absorbed very quickly into the body, it takes the body approximately one hour per standard drink to

metabolize.

Size

and Body Build

: The

larger and more muscular people are, the less effect alcohol will have on their BAC. Fat cells do not absorb alcohol very

well.

Gender

and

Age: Because

of size and build, women are

more

susceptible to alcohol. Because of biological differences, a woman will also become impaired quicker than a man the same size who drinks the same amount of alcohol.

Food: Can

be deceiving. Food will not prevent the absorption of alcohol, but it will slow it down.

Customers

may drink more than they intended because they do not feel the effects as quickly.

Other Substances: Prescription

medication, over-the-counter medication, and illegal drugs can enhance the effect of

alcohol

Experience: People

often learn to disguise the more apparent signs of intoxication. However, their central nervous system is still affected by the alcohol they have

consumed

Tolerance: The

way the body adapts to the repeated presence of a drug, meaning that higher doses are needed to maintain the same effect.

Setting

or Atmosphere

: the

lighting, décor, music, type of clientele, and seating pattern, will affect a customer’s

behavior

and consumption of alcohol.

Changes to the Brain

Pathways and connections necessary for learning may be permanently damaged

Thought processes are disorganized and memory/concentration are diluted

Judgment and coordination are altered. Movement, speech, and vision may be impaired

May increase the risk of stroke in young people

Changes to Cardiovascular system

Can increase heart rate and blood pressure. High levels may cause the opposite effect decreasing heart rate and blood pressure. Rhythm becomes irregular and body temperature drops

Liver and Kidney issues

Liver becomes inflamed and scarred. Kidney activity is increased and may lead to dehydration

Digestive System concerns:

Increase in stomach acid and may cause nausea and vomiting

Pancreas problems:

Pancreatitis accompanied by acute/severe pain. Alcohol disrupts the break down of nutrients

Alcohol and Drug Interactions:

Absorption of drug or alcohol is slower increasing the amount of time it is in the body

Alcohol may decrease the effectiveness of medications, and increase the effectiveness of others

Enzymes in the body can change some medications into chemicals that can damage the liver or other organs

Long term effects of Alcohol

Damage to brain cells and reduction in brain size

Increase in blood pressure, may lead to heart attack or stroke

Buildup of fat cells in the liver, may lead to cell death

Damage to the digestive lining of the stomach causing ulcers and stomach cancer

Destruction of the pancreas

If a person stops using alcohol some of the physical effects can be reversed over time.

Negative effects may also include damage to relationships with family and friends, work production may decrease along with professional relationships and reputations.

Binge Drinking and Alcohol Poisoning

Drink in large amounts during one session

Sometimes done on a bet/dare/game

Alcohol poisoning – a severe and potentially fatal physical reaction to an alcohol overdose. Because alcohol is a depressant on the body’s organs, involuntary actions, such as breathing and gag reflex may be impairedAlcohol is also a stomach irritant

Symptoms of Alcohol Poisoning

Mental confusion and stupor

Coma and an inability to be roused

Vomiting and seizures

Slow respiration- 10 seconds between breaths or less than 8 per minute

Irregular heartbeat

Hypothermia or low body temperature- pale or bluish skin color

If you suspect alcohol poisoning, call 911 immediately

Myths and Reality

Myth: Beer or wine won’t get you drunk as fast as hard liquor

Fact: The amount of alcohol consumed, not the type of drink, makes a person drunk. A can of beer, a 4 ounce glass of wine, or a mixed drink all contain about the same amount of alcohol

.

Myth: Drinking alcohol warms the

body

Fact: While drinking alcohol can make the drinker’s skin feel warm, blood vessels in the skin expand and actually cause the body to lose heat. Outside on a cold day, this can result in hypothermia.

Complete Lesson 1 Assessment on p. 571 1-5

You have 5 minutes to complete this task

Choosing to live Alcohol Free

Several Factors influence teen alcohol use and anyone who drinks alcohol increases the risk of negative consequences.

Psychological dependence- a condition in

which a person believes that a drug is needed to feel good or function normally.

Physiological dependence- a condition in which the user has a chemical need for the drug.

Factors that Influence Alcohol Use

peer pressure

Family

Media messages

Risks of Alcohol Use

The Law

Illegal under the age of 21

Arrest/conviction can affect future

Limit college/financial aid opportunities

Limit employment options

Damage reputation/ loss of trust by friends and family

Violence

Fights more likely

Consequence of school or police discipline

More likely to be victims

Perpetrators of violent crimes like rape, aggravated assault, and robbery

Sexual Activity

Lowers inhibition, may compromise values

More likely to be sexually active at younger age

Engage in unprotected sex2x more likely to contract an STI

Family

25% of all youth exposed to alcohol abuse (excessive use of alcohol) within the family

High risk of neglect, abuse or social isolation

High risk of economic hardship

High risk of personal use

High risk of mental illness or physical problems

School

Most schools have zero tolerance

Ineligible for school activities or graduation

Suspension/expulsion

College opportunities may be limited

Benefits of Living Alcohol Free

Maintaining a Healthy Body

Establishing Healthy Relationships

Making Healthy Decisions

Avoiding Risky Behaviors

Avoiding Illegal Activities

Avoiding Violence

Achieving Your Goals

Saying “No” is much easier when you have a planned response

“I don’t like the taste”

“I don’t drink alcohol-besides, I’m heading home”

“No thanks, I need to be in top shape for the game this week

“I really can’t, my parents would be angry. We have an agreement”

“I don’t want to risk getting kicked off the team”

Plan alcohol free activities

Random Writing Prompt Exercise

15 minutes

Choose any two words relevant to the Chapter and one random word. Create an essay/short story using the word in an appropriate manner.

The Impact of Alcohol Abuse

Alcohol and Driving

BAC- Blood Alcohol Content- the amount of alcohol in a person’s blood, expressed as a percentage.

Any amount of alcohol in the blood can cause the following:

Slow reflexes

Reduced ability to judge distances and speeds

Increase in risk taking behaviors

Reduced concentration and increased forgetfulness.

Driving while intoxicated (DWI or DUI)

BAC level of .08% charged with drunk driving

Injuries/death of driver or others

Arrest, jail time, court appearances, and fines/bail, police record, and lawsuits

Severely restricted driving privileges and/or immediate confiscation of license

Higher auto insurance

Alcohol and Pregnancy

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)-refers to a group of alcohol related birth defects that include physical and mental problems. Effects can be severe and lasting.

Small head and deformities of face, hands, and feet

Heart, liver, and kidney defectsVision and hearing problems Central nervous system problems, developmental disabilities and poor coordination

Difficulties learning and short attention span

Hyperactivity, anxiety, and social withdrawal

Leading cause of preventable causes of mental retardation.

Symptoms of Alcoholism

Craving- feeling a strong need for alcohol to manage tension or stress, and a preoccupation with alcohol

Loss of Control- inability to limit alcohol consumption

Physical dependence- Withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea, sweating, shakiness, and anxietyTolerance- A need to drink increasingly more alcohol in order to feel its effects.

Alcoholics are addicts who are dependent on alcohol. Behaviors vary from aggressive and violent to withdrawn. Alcoholism does not have an age category, race, ethnic, or socioeconomic group.

Evidence suggests that alcoholism is partially due to genetics.

Children of alcoholics 4x more likely to become alcoholics

Stages of Alcoholism

Stage 1 Abuse

-may begin with social drinking. A physical and psychological dependence develops. May experience memory loss and blackouts, starts to lie or make excuses to justify drinking.

Stage 2 Dependence- cannot stop drinking. Tries to hide problem. Performance at job, school, or home suffers.Stage 3 Addiction- final stage of alcoholism, the liver may be already damaged. If person stopped drinking they would experience withdrawal symptoms

Resources and Programs to assist

Al-Anon/

Alateen

Alcoholics Anonymous

Mothers Against Drunk Driving

Nation Association for Children of Alcoholics

National Drug and Alcohol treatment Referral Routing

Students Against Drunk Driving

SAMSHA’s National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug

Writing Exercise

Complete Chapter Review pp. 58-588 1-35. Complete answers only