2 C onnective tissue Dr Maria Zahiri 3 Dr Maria Zahiri Four basic tissue types E pithelial tissue surfaces and glands Connective tissue Muscle tissue contractile cells ID: 478248
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "1 Dr. Maria Zahiri" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
1Slide2
Dr. Maria Zahiri
2Slide3
C
onnective
tissue
Dr. Maria
Zahiri
3
Dr. Maria ZahiriSlide4
Four
basic tissue types
:
E
pithelial tissue (surfaces and glands)Connective tissue
Muscle
tissue (contractile cells)N
ervous tissue
4
Dr. Maria ZahiriSlide5
Main
roles of connective tissue
Mechanical support
binding cells into tissues
Binding tissues to each other
Protection and Defense
Serving as a medium for exchange
Storage (water, ions, minerals, Growth factor)
Energy supply
Dr. Maria
Zahiri
5Slide6
What's the contents of connective tissue?
connective tissue
cells
ECM
(Extra cellular matrix)
Fibers
Ground substance
Fluid
Dr. Maria Zahiri
6Slide7
Classification
Dr. Maria Zahiri
7
CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER
SPECIALISED CONNECTIVE TISSUES
adipose tissue
haemopoietic
tissue (bone marrow, lymphoid tissue)
blood
bone and cartilageSlide8
The cells
Cells of connective tissue
Mesenchyme
Adult
Fixed Cells
Fibroblast
Macrophage
Adipose cells
Mast cells
Undifferentiated
mesenchyme
cell
Wandering Cells
Lymphocytes
Plasma cells
Blood
cells
Dr. Maria Zahiri
8Slide9
Mesenchymal
cells
Small
fusiform
or
stellate
cells
Have
delicate
chromatin
pattern
Pluripotential
Dr. Maria Zahiri
9Slide10
Fibroblast
are most common cells of C.T.
Produce and secrete ECM
Active fibroblast has more cytoplasm include of developed RER, Golgi apparatus and
euchromatic
nucleus = activated (wound healing)
Inactive fibroblast (
Fibrocyte
) has flattened nuclei, sparse cytoplasm
Fibroblasts may differentiate to adipose cells or
chondrocytes
Dr. Maria Zahiri
10Slide11
Dr. Maria Zahiri
11Slide12
wound healing
Dr. Maria Zahiri
12Slide13
Myofibroblast
:
are
modified fibroblasts
They
have bundle of
actin
similar
to smooth muscle cells
Abundant
in wound
healing ( wound contraction)
Activated
Fibrocyte
= fibroblast
wound healing
Dr. Maria Zahiri
13Slide14
Macrophage
Origin
: bone marrow
monocyte
( in blood) Macrophage in C.T.
Irregular membrane surface; nucleus may be oval and is eccentric
Size: 10-30 micro
Phagocytosis
of cell debris and micro organisms
Presenting antigens to lymphocytes
RBC turnover in spleen
Secretion of
cytokins
, enzyme
Dr. Maria Zahiri
14Slide15
The
mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS)
(also called
Reticuloendothelial
System or Macrophage System)
Dr. Maria Zahiri
15
is a part of the immune system
consists of the
phagocytic
cells
located in reticular connective tissueSlide16
A
ntigen-presenting
cell
(
APC) or accessory cell
Dr. Maria Zahiri
16
These cells process antigens and present them to T-cells.Slide17
Epithelioid
cells or multinuclear giant cells
Dr. Maria Zahiri
17
In chronic inflammation
is a mass formed by the union of several distinct cells (usually macrophages), often forming a
granuloma
.
It can arise in response to an infection
Granulomas
form when the immune system attempts to wall off substances it perceives as foreign but is unable to eliminate.Slide18
Dr. Maria Zahiri
18Slide19
Mast cell
Cytoplasm full of granules containing heparin, histamine, proteases,
chemotactic
factors,
chondroitin
sulphate
Size: 10-13 micro
Centeric
nucleus
Originate from bone marrow stem cell
Dr. Maria Zahiri
19Slide20
- Immediate hypersensitivity reaction
- Slow reaction
Dr. Maria
Zahiri
20Slide21
'Eosinophil
Chemotactic
Factor
Dr. Maria Zahiri
21
a peptide
that
is
chemotactic
for
eosinophilic leukocytes and is released from disrupted mast cellsSlide22
Anaphylaxis
Dr. Maria Zahiri
22Slide23
Plasma cell
Common in intestinal lamina
propria
and glands secreting
immunoglubulins
such as
lacrimal
glands, salivary glands, and mammary gland
Oval cell with basophilic cytoplasm, clock face nucleus
Differentiate from B - lymphocytes
Life span 10-20 days
Dr. Maria Zahiri
23Slide24
Dr. Maria Zahiri
24Slide25
Adipocyte
Dr. Maria Zahiri
25Slide26
Others
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes - small, heterochromatic nucleus
Dr. Maria Zahiri
26Slide27Slide28
Fibers
Collagen fibers
Elastic fibers
Reticular fibers
Dr. Maria Zahiri
28Slide29
Collagen fibers
Staining (
Eosin - pink; Mallory’s - blue; Masson’s – green)
Physical feature
Dr. Maria Zahiri
29Slide30
Chemical components
prolin
lysin
Hdroxy
prolin
Hydroxy
lysin
Dr. Maria Zahiri
30Slide31
Dr. Maria Zahiri
31Slide32
Biosynthesis
Dr. Maria Zahiri
32Slide33
Dr. Maria Zahiri
33Slide34
Dr. Maria Zahiri
34Slide35
Disorders
:
Osteogenesis
imperfecta
(gene or amino acid)
Progressive systemic Sclerosis (
fibrose
-
keloid
)
Vitamin C is a co-factor for
prolin
hydroxylase
Dr. Maria Zahiri
35Slide36
Reticular Fibers (Collagen type III)
Staining (
Argylophilic
- PAS)
Physical feature
Formative cell
Disorders (
ehlers-Danlos
IV)
Dr. Maria Zahiri
36Slide37
Ground substance
Dr. Maria Zahiri
37
is the background material within which all other connective tissue elements are embedded.
consist of a complex of
glycosaminoglycans
(
GAGs
),
proteoglycans
, and
glycoproteinsSlide38
Classification
Dr. Maria Zahiri
38
CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER
loose irregular connective tissue
dense irregular connective tissueSlide39
CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER
loose irregular connective tissue
Dr. Maria Zahiri
39
includes
areolar
tissue, reticular tissue, and adipose tissue
is the most common type of connective tissue in vertebrates
It holds organs in place and attaches epithelial tissue to other underlying tissues.
It also surrounds the blood vessels and nerves.
fibroblasts are widely dispersed in this tissueSlide40
Areolar tissue
Dr. Maria Zahiri
40
is a common type of loose connective tissue (and the most widely distributed type of connective tissue in vertebrates
Many adjacent epithelial tissues (which are
avascular
) get their nutrients from the interstitial fluid of
areolar
tissue; the lamina
propria
is
areolar
in many body locations.
Its fibers run in random directions and are mostly
collagenous
, but elastic and reticular fibers are also present. Slide41
Function
Dr. Maria Zahiri
41
hold organs in place and attaches epithelial tissue to other underlying tissues
It also serves as a reservoir of water and salts for surrounding tissues.
Almost all cells obtain their nutrients from and release their wastes into
areolar
connective tissue.Slide42
Location
Dr. Maria Zahiri
42
is found beneath the dermis layer and is also underneath the epithelial tissue
It is also a component of the lamina
propria
of the digestive and respiratory tracts,
the
stroma
of glands
the hypodermis of the skin
It is also found in the mesentery which is surrounding the intestineSlide43
Dr. Maria Zahiri
43Slide44
Dr. Maria Zahiri
44Slide45
Dr. Maria Zahiri
45Slide46
Dr. Maria Zahiri
46Slide47
Dense connective tissue
Dr. Maria Zahiri
47
is enriched in collagen fibers with little ground substance
If the closely packed bundles of fibers are located in one direction, it is called
regular (
tendons)
if oriented in multiple directions, it is referred to as
irregular
(dermis)Slide48
Dr. Maria Zahiri
48Slide49
Dr. Maria Zahiri
49Slide50
Scars
Dr. Maria Zahiri
50
are areas of fibrous tissue (fibrosis) that replace normal skin after injury.
A scar results from the biological process of wound repair in the skin and other tissues of the body. Slide51
Dr. Maria Zahiri
51
Scar tissue is composed of the same protein (collagen) as the tissue that it replaces, but the fiber composition of the protein is different
This collagen scar tissue alignment is usually of inferior functional quality to the normal collagen
randomised
alignment.
For example, scars in the skin are less resistant to ultraviolet radiation, and sweat glands and hair follicles do not grow back within scar tissues.Slide52
Dr. Maria Zahiri
52
A myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, causes scar formation in the heart muscle, which leads to loss of muscular power and possibly heart failure.
However, there are some tissues (e.g. bone) that can heal without any structural or functional deterioration.Slide53
Types
Dr. Maria Zahiri
53
Hypertrophic
Keloid
Atrophic
Stretch marksSlide54
خسته نباشید عزیزان