Lesson 3 Louis XIV FRENCH ABSOLUTISM 30 Years War Chart Who fought What happened Who won Results Phase I Phase II Phase III Phase IV Divine Right By the grace of God God chose the ruler ID: 689454
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AP EUROUnit #1 – Age of AbsolutismLesson #3Louis XIV(FRENCH ABSOLUTISM)Slide2
30 Years War Chart:
Who fought
What happened
Who
won
Results
Phase I
Phase II
Phase III
Phase IVSlide3
Divine Right“By the grace of God”God chose the rulerKings spoke with God’s voiceBishop Jacques Benign Bossuet: "the king, Jesus Christ, and the Church, God in His three names"Slide4
Bishop Jacques Benign Bossuet“Something indescribably divine is attached to the prince and inspires fear in the people. …you are gods, that is, you have in your authority and you carry on your forehead a divine quality
.”
(1680s)
Divine Right
of Kings Slide5
How does this concept create stability?
Why will the Church support this concept?
What happens if you try to overthrow a king? What have you just declared?
Why will Puritans, Huguenots, and Presbyterians not support this?Slide6
Foundations of AbsolutismMost monarchs espoused this ideaThe French kings got away with itKings remained ceremonial Allowed their “favorite” to run the governmentDuke of Sully ran Henry IV’s governmentCardinal Richelieu ran Louis XIII’s government
Cardinal Mazarin ran Louis XIV’s governmentSlide7
Why would using a “favorite” be a good idea for a king’s safety?Slide8
Henry IV (1553-1589-1610) (born-king-died)Married (1572) age 19 (to Margo)27 miserable years
Had a lot of mistresses
Separated (1589) (annulled 1599)
Henry III was killed (1589)
H.IV Coroneted as a Catholic king (1593) age 41
Edict of Nantes (1598)
Married Marie de Medici (1600)
“a man of vision and courage”Slide9Slide10
Why do you think Henry was so beloved if he was more an enemy of the French monarchy?Slide11
Henry IV (1553-1589-1610) (born-king-died)Not popular becoming kingBeloved by the time he died
Highly concerned for welfare of France
regularized finances
promoted agriculture,
drained swamps
public
works, encouraged education
protected
forests from devastation; ordered plantings
new
system of tree lined highways
constructed
new bridges and canals
renewed
Paris as a great cityadded wings to the Louvre, built Place Royal
promoter
of arts for and by all classesSlide12Slide13
Louis XIII (1601-1610-1643)Nine years oldPower in the hands of RichelieuAnti-Hapsburg policyEntered Thirty Years War on Protestant side
Anti-Huguenot policy
Retracted privileges promised in Edict of Nantes
Anti-Nobles policy
Tried to control Nobles
Created resentment among Nobles
Eventually led to THE FRONDE
“Louis the Chaste” (no mistresses)Slide14Slide15
Louis XIV (1638-1643-1715)Was only fiveNobles rebellion: THE FRONDEAnarchy for three years (1649-1652)Louis would never forget
Would evoke grandeur of the position
THE SUN KING
When he was a child – danced as the sun
Became his symbol
L’etat
c’est
moi
Suppression of Jansenists (1660)
Catholics who opposed Free will
Revocation of Edict of Nantes (1685)
10% of France Huguenot (1.7 million)
200,000 abandoned nation
3m bio on Louis XIV
45m bio on Louis XIVSlide16Slide17
Docs in Red BookP. 439 (Louis revokes Edict of Nantes)P. 440 (Louis’s sister-in-law Grieves for homeland)P. 446-447 (The State Portrait of Louis XIV)Slide18Slide19Slide20
What is his obvious attitude toward religion?
How will this be bad?
How will this create stability?
“One king, one law, one faith”Slide21Slide22Slide23Slide24
Versailles
3
m Cribs - Versailles
3
m – building VersaillesSlide25
Describe Versailles
Why would Louis design such and expensive and elaborate palace?
What does this have to do with the
Fronde
?Slide26
VersaillesPromote image of divine~2 billion to buildMillions to maintainAs many as 10,000 peopleFour building phases 1685 – 36,000 builders, 6000 horses, 2x size of CR South
Meant to inspire awe
Created a whole culture
Hierarchy, power, prestige to even be there
Nobles who may have led the
Fronde
now WANTED to be there
Bigger rooms to higher rank
All had to turn in room key daily
Special day to be near the king
2m “this… is Versailles”Slide27
MercantilismInternational trade should benefit only the nationCreate coloniesWealth is finite – control as much as possiblePreserve bullion & Maximize exports
Jean-Baptiste Colbert – finance minister
Centralized economy
Raised the $$ Louis squandered in wars
Marquis du
Louvois
– war minister
Good salaries
Highly disciplined
Promotion by meritSlide28
Louis XIV’s Four WarsMeant to create awe of FranceOften to punish enemiesUltimately destroyed FranceLouis saw himself as a warriorLouis went in a GREAT MANWars destroyed French treasuryAnd Louis died a year later…Slide29
War of Devolution (1667-1668)Louis claimed Spanish NetherlandsBelgium Louis never got 500,000 crown dowryTriple Alliance formed to repel French army
England
Sweden
United Provinces
Leopold (HRE) pushed for peace
Saw this as a dangerous escalation
Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle
No real changeSlide30
Franco-Dutch War
(1672-1678)
Meant to punish the Dutch
Had prevented French victory
Had Louis seething
Treaty of Dover
Ended Triple Alliance
France bought English support with gold
France and England declared war on Dutch
Quick French victories
180,000 French troops
Dutch flooded land
England dropped out
HRE, Spain, Prussia joined Dutch
War ended – not much change
France clearly the dominant nationSlide31
Nine Years War (1688-1697)King William’s WarLeague of Augsburg Grand AllianceEngland, Spain, Sweden, AustriaUnited Provinces, Bavaria, Palatinate, Saxony
Glorious Revolution (England)
French army – now 400,000
Peace of Ryswick – France got Alsace and Lorraine
William IIISlide32Slide33Slide34Slide35Slide36
War of Spanish Succession (1701-1714)Queen Anne’s WarSpanish King Charles “the sufferer”Philip of AnjouGrand AllianceFrance not ready
Famine and revolts in France
Peace of Utrecht (1713)
Philip did get to be King of Spain
But, they could not unite with France
And Louis had to accept the Glorious Revolution