All About Blood Blood Video Components Plasma 55 Nonliving fluid matrix Formed Elements 45 Connective tissue living blood cells Physical Characteristics Sticky opaque fluid with metallic taste a little salty ID: 293642
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BloodSlide2
All About Blood
Blood Video
Components: Plasma (55%)Non-living fluid matrix“Formed Elements” (45%)Connective tissue, living blood cells Slide3
Physical Characteristics
Sticky, opaque fluid with metallic taste (a little salty)
Depending on the amount of oxygen is what determines the color Scarlet (oxygen rich)Dull-red (oxygen poor)Blood accounts for approximately 8% of body weightVolume in healthy males is 5-6 liters (~6 quarts)Slide4
PlasmaSlide5
Plasma
90% water is the liquid part of blood
Over 100 different substances are dissolved in the straw-colored fluidIncludes: metal ions (salts), respiratory gases, hormones, plasma proteins, and various wastes and products of cell metabolism Plasma proteins are the most abundant solutes, made by the liver, serve a variety of functionsHelps to distribute heat evenly throughout the bodySlide6
Plasma Proteins
Albumin:
contributes to the osmotic pressure of blood, which acts to keep water in the blood streamClotting Proteins: helps prevent blood loss when a blood vessel is injured Antibodies: help protect the body from pathogens
**Plasma proteins are NOT taken up by cells for fuel or metabolic functions** Slide7
Acidosis vs. Alkalosis
When blood proteins drop to undesirable levels, the liver is stimulated to make more proteins
When the blood becomes too acidic = acidosisWhen the blood becomes too alkaline = alkalosisThe respiratory system and the kidneys are called into action to restore it to its normal, slightly alkaline pH range ~7.3Slide8
Formed elementsSlide9
Microscopic View
You will see smooth, disc-shaped red blood cells, a variety of gaudily stained white blood cells and some scattered platelets that look like debris Slide10
Erythrocytes
Aka
Red Blood Cells (RBCs) Function: to circulate oxygen to all cells of the body RBCs do not have a nucleus and very few organelles Basically, they are sacs of hemoglobin moleculesHemoglobin is an iron-containing protein, transports the bulk of the oxygen that is carried in the bloodAlso binds with a small amount of CO2 They lack mitochondria which means they do not use up the oxygen they carry to make ATP RBCs outnumber white blood cells about 1000:1 Slide11
Leukocytes
AKA White Blood Cells (WBCs)
Far less numerous than RBCs Crucial to the body’s defense against diseaseAccount for less than 1% of total blood volume Only complete cells in blood (contain nucleus & organelles) How your body fights the flu… Slide12
WBCs cont’d
The circulatory system is their means of transportation to where their services are needed for inflammatory or immune responses
WBCs can locate areas of tissue damage and infection by responding to certain chemical signals = positive chemotaxis Once they have “caught the scent” the WBCs move through tissue spaces via AMBOID MOTION (flowing cytoplasmic extensions that help move them along) and will then destroy the invadersSlide13
Leukocytes
Leukocytosis
: excessive amounts of WBCs, generally indicates that a bacterial infection or viral infection is formingLeukopenia: abnormally low WBC count, commonly caused by certain drugs, such as corticosteriods and anticancer agents Slide14
Homeostatic ImbalanceSlide15
Anemia
A decrease in the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood
May be a result of 1) a lower-than-normal number of RBCs or2) abnormal or deficient hemoglobin content in the RBCs Several types of anemia are classified and described briefly on page 311 Sickle-cell anemia Genetic disorder, frequently seen in hospitals Hemoglobin is spiky and sharp when the RBCs unload the O2, the RBCs can rupture Slide16
Polycythemia
An excessive or abnormal increase in the number of erythrocytes
May result from bone marrow cancerMay also be a normal response from living at high altitudes where the air is thinner and less O2 is availableSlide17
Homeostatic Imbalance
Read page 312-314Slide18
Blood Types
Read printout over the different blood types