Class Starter What are the different blood types that exist What determines what type of blood you have Why can you die if you were to receive an incompatible blood type What determines the different blood groups ID: 658902
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Slide1
BLOODSlide2
Blood Types and Blood Transfusions
Class Starter:
What are the different blood types that exist?
What determines what type of blood you have?
Why can you die if you were to receive an incompatible blood type?Slide3
What determines the different blood groups?
Blood types are determined by the presence or absence of
antigens
on the surface of RBCs
A, B,
Rh
(Rhesus factor) = antigens (specific proteins) attached to RBCs
The different blood types are not spread out equally in the populationSlide4Slide5
Blood Types
The presence or absence of a third antigen
(
Rh
)
determines if the blood type is
positive or negative
Rh
present = positive (+)
Rh
not present = negative (-)
This gives us
8 blood types
:
A-, A+, B-, B+, AB-, AB+, O-, O+Slide6
Blood Group
Antigen
A+
A-
B+
B-
AB+
AB-
O+
O-Slide7
Blood Group
Antigen
A+
A,
Rh
A-
A
B+
B,
Rh
B-
B
AB+
A,B,
Rh
AB-
A, B
O+
Rh
O-
noneSlide8
Blood Transfusions
People who have blood diseases and others who require extensive surgery must receive blood transfusions
A blood transfusion is
the injection of blood into a person
This requires:
a
donor
, the person who gives the blood
a
recipient
, the person who receives the bloodSlide9
Fact:
In the 19
th
century, many blood transfusions resulted in the recipients dying.
Why?
We know understand that there are specific antibodies which circulate in a person’s blood
If a recipient’s antibodies match the donor’s antigens, the antibodies in the recipient’s blood will attack the donor’s antigens resulting in blood coagulation and possible death Slide10Slide11
Antibodies
The antigens on your RBCs will determine the antibodies that circulate in your blood
The antibodies in your blood
are the opposite of the antigens on your RBCs
Blood
Group
Antigens (surface)
Antibodies (in plasma)
A+
A,
Rh
A-
A
B+
B,
Rh
B-
B,
AB+
A, B,
Rh
AB -
A, B
O+
Rh
O -
NoneSlide12
Blood
Group
Antigens (surface)
Antibodies (in plasma)
A+
A,
Rh
B
A-
A
B,
Rh
B+
B,
Rh
A
B-
B,
A,
Rh
AB+
A, B,
Rh
None
AB -
A, B
Rh
O+
Rh
A, B
O -
None
A, B,
RhSlide13
Draw a picture to represent the antigens and antibodies present in each blood group
Blood Group
Antigens
A+
A-
B+
B-
Blood Group
Antigens
AB+
AB -
O+
O -Slide14
Blood Compatibility rules
Main rule:
The donor’s blood
cannot contain
any
antigens
that match the
antibodies
on the recipients red blood cells
Tricks
Similar blood types can always give blood to each other
+ blood types CANNOT give blood to – blood types
– blood types CAN give blood to + blood types
Universal donors
: can give blood to anyone =
type O-
(because it has no antigens)
Universal recipients
: can receive blood from anyone =
type AB+
(because it has no antibodies)Slide15
Blood Type
Can donate to:
Can receive from:
A-
A+
B-
B+
AB-
AB+
O-
O+Slide16
A
O AB
B
Slide17
How to determine what blood type a person is?
A person’s blood group is determined by mixing a drop of his or her blood with 3 different commercial serums (
solutions with dissolved antibodies
)
Anti-A serum
Anti-B serum
Anti-
Rh
serum
If
agglutination
(or coagulation) takes place, small dots appear. This means that the RBCs have antigens matching that specific serum.
By determining which antigens are on the surface of the RBCs we can deduce what the blood type is.Slide18
Example:
Blood sample X + anti-A serum = agglutination
Blood sample X + anti-B serum = no agglutination
Blood sample X + anti –
Rh
serum = no agglutination
Sample X is blood type: A-Slide19Slide20
CREATING VACCINES web
PBS nova:
BIO TERROR home page:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/bioterror/
Creating a vaccine GAME:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/bioterror/vaccines.html