Dictators and World Peace - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Dictators and World PeaceSlide2

Nationalism in Europe and Asia

Rise in dictators with strong belief of nationalism

Treaty of Versailles causes anger and resentment

Germans saw nothing fair in the treaty

People begin to turn to authoritarian leadersSlide3

The Big 3

Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union)

Civil war leads to establishment of communism

Takes control after the death of Lenin

Made both agricultural and industrial growth the prime economic goals

All economic activity placed under federal rule Eliminated anyone who opposed him (8-13 mil deaths)Established a totalitarian governmentPeople had no rights and the gov’t had complete controlSlide4

The Big 3

Benito Mussolini (Italy)

Unemployment and inflation

Middle and upper classes ask for stronger leadership

Played on the fears of economic collapse and communism

Established the Fascist PartyStressed nationalism and placed the interests of the state above those of individualsMarched men into Rome and was appointed head of governmentNamed himself Il Duce (the leader) and eliminated all oppositionSlide5

The Big 3

Adolf Hitler (Germany)

Jobless soldier after WWI

Joined the Nazi Party

Became the parties leader (great speaker)

Based on extreme nationalismDreamed of uniting all German people into a great German EmpireRacial “purification” (Aryan race)Everyone else only fit enough to serve the Aryan race

Believes that Germans need more living space

Germany caught in the U.S. depression (loans, etc.)

Appointed Chancellor (Prime Minister)

Created the Third Reich (Third German Empire)Slide6

Militarism in Japan

Military leaders believed in more living space as well

Launched surprise attack and gained control of Manchuria (Chinese Province)

League of Nations investigates incident

Successful attack puts militarists in control of Japan’s gov’tSlide7

Europe, Africa, and Spain… OH MY

Failure of the League to take action against Japan raises eyebrows

Hitler pulls Germany out of League

Builds military and sends troops to the Rhineland

League did nothing to stop this

Mussolini building new empireFirst target was EthiopiaLeague did nothing -> “It is us today. It will be you tomorrow.”Slide8

Francisco Franco

Group of Spanish army officers led by Francisco Franco rebels against the Spanish republic

Americans form the Abraham Lincoln Battalion and travel to Spain to fight Franco

Did not stop the spread of Fascism

Hitler/Mussolini back Franco with military supplies

Hitler and Mussolini sign an alliance called the Rome-Berlin AxisFranco becomes Spain’s fascist dictatorSlide9

U.S. Response

Americans do not want the U.S. to become involved

Had signed the

Hellogg

-Briand Pact along with 62 other countries -> war would not be used as “an instrument of national policy”

Congress passes the Neutrality ActsEffort to keep the U.S. out of future warsFirst 2 acts outlawed arms sales or loans to nations at war3

rd

act extends the first 2 acts to countries involved in civil wars

Japan invades China again in 1937 -> FDR finds way around Neutrality Acts and sends supplies

FDR encourages all peace-loving nations to “quarantine” aggressor nations in order to stop the spread of war

Newspapers claim FDR is leading nation back into war (backs off)Slide10

War In EuropeSlide11

Fall of Austria and CzechoslovakiaSlide12

Fall of Austria and Czechoslovakia

Hitler meets with top military advisors

Claims Germany needs land of their neighbors

Absorb Austria and Czechoslovakia into the 3

rd

ReichAustria composed of 6 mil. Germans who wanted unificationHitler marches unopposed and “absorbs” AustriaSlide13

Fall of Austria and Czechoslovakia

3 mil. German speaking people in Western Czech. (Sudetenland)

Wanted to annex to provide more living space and to control its natural resources

Said Czechs were abusing Sudeten Germans

Used yellow journalism in newspapers

France/Britain vowel to protect Czech.Edouard Daladier (French) + Neville Chamberlain (British) meet with Hitler

Claims it would be his last land demand (sign Munich Agreement) -> gave Sudetenland to Germany

Winston Churchill (British) opposes this idea

Appeasement -> giving up principles to pacify an aggressorSlide14

German Offensive

Hitler was not finished

Captured rest of Czech in March, 1939 then turned to Poland in the Northeast

Believed this could cause war with Soviet Union, Britain, and France (two front war)

Stalin signs nonaggression pact

Also agree that they would split Poland between themGermany invades Poland with blitzkrieg tacticsBritain and France declare war 2 days later

Beginning of WWIISlide15

France and Britain

France tries to set up fortification along its borders (unsuccessful)

Germans march towards Paris

Italy enters on Germany’s side – attacks France from South

Hitler gets France to surrender

Germans would occupy Northern FranceNazi gov’t set up in Southern FranceCharles de Gaulle flees to England – set up French gov’t in exile“France has lost the battle, but has not lost the war.”Slide16

Battle of Britain

Germans begin to bomb Britain (every night for 2 months)

Could not compete with their navy

Royal Air Force (with help of radar) able to fend off the attack

Both sides

continue bombing to break moral and disrupt productionSlide17

The HolocaustSlide18

After Hitler takes office he orders all non-Aryans out of gov’t jobs

Holocaust begins -> murder of 11 mil. People across Europe

Jews become center of attention (blamed for failures)

Nuremburg Laws stripped Jews of their citizenship, jobs, and property

Had to wear bright yellow Star of

DavidPersecutionSlide19

“Night of Broken Glass”Nazi troops attacked Jewish homes and businesses

Around 100 Jewish people killed

Nazis them blame Jews for the destruction

KristallnachtSlide20

Jews fleeing Germany had hard time finding countries to accept them

Some make it to U.S. (Albert Einstein)

St. Louis (ship) filled with many immigrants

Coast Guard follows ship and doesn’t let them enter the U.S. and forced to return to Europe

RefugeesSlide21

Final solution of genocide – deliberate killing

Other groups involved in the final solution

Gypsies, Freemasons, and Jehovah’s Witnesses, homosexuals, mentally deficient, and mentally/physically ill

Hitler’s S.S. (secret squadrons) begin to round up these people and shot them on the spot

Those who were not shot forced into ghettos -> sealed off from rest of the population

Jews set up secret schools to educate themselvesHitler’s “Final Solution”Slide22

Those not reached by killing squads were forced into concentration camps

Originally used for imprisonment of political opponents and protestors

Ended in death more often than not

Horrible living conditions, hunger, hard work

Too weak to work = death

Concentration CampsSlide23
Slide24
Slide25
Slide26

Add a new phase to the murder of Jews -> Poison Gas (cyanide gas)

Other means did not kill fast enough to satisfy the Nazis

6 death camps built in Poland

Largest of death camps was Auschwitz

Separated off the train into workers and people who would be killed (disguised as a shower)

At first bodies were buried -> left horrible smell and evidence of mass killingsBegan to burn the bodiesMedical experiments carried out as well6 mil Jews die in death campsSome survived (pg. 549)

Final StageSlide27
Slide28
Slide29

America and the WarSlide30

Moving Away from Neutrality

FDR believes there can be no peace in a world ruled by dictators

Revised Neutrality Acts

Warring nations could buy arms from U.S. as long as the paid cash and found own transportation

Help France and Britain defeat Germany

FDR learns of the Axis Powers – Germany, Italy, and Japan (2 ocean war)U.S. boosts defense –> first peace-time draftMen between ages of 21 and 35

FDR elected for 3

rd

termSlide31

Lend-Lease Act

FDR comes up with the Lend-Lease Act

Lend or lease arms and other supplies to any country whose defense was vital to the U.S.

Hitler breaks agreement with Stalin and invades Soviet Union

U.S. is now sending supplies to Soviets and British

Hitler sends out U-Boats along routesFDR gives permission to attack in self defenseSlide32

Planning for War

Congress votes on extension of the draft

Churchill (Britain’s Prime Minister) meets with FDR secretly and forms the Atlantic Charter

Collective security, disarmament, self-determination, economic cooperation, and freedom of the seas

Form Allied Powers (U.S., Britain, France)

FDR now approves the offensive on U-BoatsSlide33

Japan Attacks

U.S. now in undeclared naval battle with Germany

Japan launches invasion in China (Hideki

Tojo

)

British busy, U.S. islands only thing in Japan’s wayU.S. cuts off trade with JapanTojo reaches out to Hirohito (emperor)Plan attack on U.S.

U.S. breaks codes but doesn’t know where attack will be

Try peace talks -> but they failSlide34

Pearl Harbor

December 7, 1941

Pearl Harbor = largest U.S. naval base in the Pacific

“Air raid on Pearl Harbor. This is not a drill!”

Japanese bomber + 180 Japanese warplanes

Lasted an about 2 hrs. and the devastation was unbelievable2,403 killed, 1,178 wounded, 21 ships sunk/damaged, 300 aircraft destroyed/damaged 3 aircraft carriers surviveSlide35
Slide36

U.S. Reaction

Each report FDR received in Washington was more horrible than the previous

U.S. did not have the navy or air force to fight on two fronts

Began to build both up in preparation for war

Famous FDR infamy speech