PPT-Glycolysis & Fermentation

Chapter 6 What is ATP Analogy with the coins and the bending machine How does it function like a rechargeable battery RECHARGING ATP Occurs in the Mitochondria How do we obtain the energy from GLUCOSE to make ATP . Cellular . respiration. , the process in which nutrients are converted into useful energy in a cell. . ATP- an energy carrier. ATP is Adenine triphosphate. Think of it like rechargeable batteries that are used to power the reactions in cells.. Glycolysis . is the breakdown or catabolism of a six carbon glucose molecule in a series of enzyme catalyzed reactions to give 2 molecules of pyruvate which is a 3 carbon compound. Glycolysis takes place in all the cells in the cytosol . During the sequential reactions of glycolysis some of the free energy is stored in the form of ATP and NADH. . p.221-228. Why Anaerobic Cellular Respiration?. As the name suggests “an” = without, and “aerobic” = air. Anaerobic respiration is the cell’s way . of acquiring . energy when there are low oxygen levels. Glucose in the bloodstream enters our cells, where it undergoes degradation in a pathway called glycolysis. . Glucose obtained from the digestion of polysaccharides is degraded in glycolysis to pyruvate.. 1. How . many NADH are produced . . in . glycolysis per glucose?. (a) 1. (b) 2. (c) 4. (d) 8. 2. Which . one of the following molecules . in. . . glycolysis donates a phosphate group . to. . Essential Knowledge 2.A.2: Organisms capture and store free energy for use in biological processes. How do organisms produce ATP in the absence oxygen?. Fermentation (glycolysis fermentation = anaerobic respiration). (159). There . are countless numbers of chemical reactions occurring in every cell all the time. Virtually all of these reactions . require . the action . of _______. ,. . catalytic . __________. . . Part II. Dr. Kevin Ahern. Glycolysis. Summary. Glucose 2 ADP 2P. i. 2 NAD. . Yields. 2 Pyruvate 2 ATP 2 NADH 2 H. . 2 H. 2. O . Glycolysis. Fermentation in Yeast/Bacteria. Glucose. GA3P. Oxidative Phosphorylation. Figure 9.16. Electron shuttles. span membrane. MITOCHONDRION. 2 NADH. 2 NADH. 2 NADH. 6 NADH. 2 FADH. 2. 2 FADH. 2. or. . 2 ATP. . 2 ATP. . about 26 or 28 ATP. Glycolysis. What is Fermentation?. Alcohol Fermentation . is the chemical conversion of simple sugars (like glucose) to . ethanol. and . carbon dioxide . (CO2). Yeast. perform the fermentation chemical reactions . EXERCISE 6 PG. 53. 1. What is . cellular respiration. ?. Oxidation of organic compounds to extract. energy . from . chemical bonds. 95% of living things are heterotrophic = must intake food to make energy. Exercise 6, pg.53-61. http://www.xvivo.net/animation/powering-the-cell-mitochondria/. Withdrawal Date = Mon. ., Oct 26. th. . It is . YOUR. responsibility to assess your grade . (always available via Blackboard) . Glycolysis occurs in ten steps , and in two phases :-. The first 5 steps constitute the PREPARATORY PHASE in which the energy of 2 ATP is invested, raising the free-energy content of the intermediates and the carbon chains of all the metabolized hexoses are converted into a common product glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. . 1. FORWARD REACTION. REVERSE REACTION. D. G. o . (kJ). K. Significance. 200. 100. 50. 10. 1. 0. -1. -10. -50. -100. -200. 9x10. -36. 3x10. -18. 2x10. -9. 2x10. -2. 7x10. -1. 1. 1.5. 5x10. 1. 6x10. 8.