Industry and Urban Growth - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Industry and Urban Growth

Chapter 18Slide2

Section 1

A New Industrial RevolutionSlide3

Factors Leading to the Industrial Boom

Westward expansion

provided access to vast deposits of coal,

iron

,

lead

, and

copper.

Pacific Northwest furnished

lumber

for

building

Government policies

Congress gave

land grants

and other

subsidies

to

railroads

and other

businesses

.

kept

tariffs

high, which made

foreign goods

expensive

Railroads

Trains carried

people

and

goods

west.Slide4

Inventions That Spurred Industry, Business, and Transportation

Bessemer process

allowed people to make stronger steel at a lower cost

Steel replaced iron as the basic building material of industry.

Oil refining methods

Crude oil refined into

lubricants for machines

and

gasoline to power engines and automobilesSlide5

Inventions That Spurred Industry, Business, and Transportation

Electrical power plant

Thomas Edison

opened first one in

1882

in

New York City

allowed people to use inventions such as the

light bulb

, the phonograph, and the motion picture cameraSlide6

Inventions That Spurred Industry, Business, and Transportation

Telegraph

improved communication for

American Business

Underwater telegraph

sped up communications with

EuropeSlide7

Inventions That Spurred Industry, Business, and Transportation

Telephone

invented by

Alexander Graham Bell

in

1876

device that carried

human voiceSlide8

Inventions That Spurred Industry, Business, and Transportation

Typewriter

made office work

faster

and

cheaperSlide9

Inventions That Spurred Industry, Business, and Transportation

Automobile

• ushered in an era of

freer

and

faster

transportation

Assembly line

• introduced by

Henry Ford in 1913 to mass produce carsSlide10

Inventions That Spurred Industry, Business, and Transportation

Gas powered airplane

first tested by

the Wright Brothers

in

1903

later used by the

military

during

WWI (World War 1)Slide11

Section 2

Big Business and Organized LaborSlide12

Corporation

businesses owned by

investors

raised

capital by

selling stock

run

by a

board of directors

limited risk for investorsshareholders received

share of the profitsSlide13

Trust

consisted of a group of corporations run by a

board of directors

by 1900, dominated

many of the nation’s key industries

used

Social Darwinism

to justify efforts to limit competition

Let’s think:

What is a trust?

What is Social Darwinism?Slide14

Monopoly

a company that controls

most or all business in a particular industry

Let’s think:

What are some examples of monopolies in the late

1800s

?Slide15

Banks

huge loans helped industry

grow faster

J. Pierpont Morgan: most powerful force in

the American EconomySlide16

Andrew Carnegie

controlled steel industry

according to Carnegie’s Gospel of Wealth philosophy,

the rich had a duty to improve society

Andrew Carnegie VideoSlide17

John D. Rockefeller

used profits from his first oil refinery to buy other oil companies

formed the

Standard Oil Trust

, which ended

competition in the oil industrySlide18

Debate over big business

Lowered the price of goods

Built up the economy

Created jobs

Threat to free enterprise

Business leaders used their wealth to influence politicians

Arguments for:

Arguments against:

Let’s think:

What is big business?

What is free enterprise?Slide19

Workplace Conditions

Hours: long

Pay:

low

Conditions:

often dangerous

employers not required to

pay compensation

for workplace injuries

Goals: safer working conditions,

higher wages, shorter hours

Early Unions:

Knights of Labor

AFL –American Federation of Labor

Workplace

Labor UnionsSlide20

Let’s think:

What were the conditions like for factory workers?

What is a union?Slide21

Strikes become Violent

2 major strikes occurred in or near Chicago

The Haymarket Square Riot in 1886

At a rally in support of striking workers a bomb went off

Killed 7 police officers and numerous rioters

8 men were tried in connection with the bombing, although we still don’t know who put the bomb there

The Pullman strike in 1894

Pullman made railroad cars

Strikers walked off their jobs

Rail lines were shut down

Federal troops were sent in to end the strike

*The public typically sided with the owners not the strikers*

Child Labor and UnionsSlide22

Section 3

Cities Grow and ChangeSlide23

Urbanization

Urbanization:

the rapid growth of City population

Why people were attracted to cities:

industry provided jobs in cities

To meet the needs of shoppers, merchants developed

the department store

, which

sold many kinds of goods in one store

Kinds of leisure activities cities offered:

shopping, museums, orchestras, art galleries, theaters, parks, circuses, sporting events

.Slide24

Expanding Cities

Public transportation: subways, streetcars, elevated trains.

Public transportation gave rise to new living areas called

suburbs

.

Steel bridges

helped speed up growth of suburbs.

New types of buildings:

Skyscrapers

TenementsSlide25

Skyscrapers and Steel Bridges

Flat Iron Building: completed 1902

Brooklyn Bridge: completed 1883Slide26

Living Patterns

Lived in oldest sections at cities’ centers:

poor families

Lived away from city centers in row houses and apartments: middle class

Lived in fine homes on outskirts of cities:

the richSlide27

Rich

PoorSlide28

Problems of Urban Life

Fires endangered

those in overcrowded neighborhoods

.

Tenement life

was bleak and crowded

.

Slum streets were

littered

with garbage.Disease was caused by

poor sanitation

.Slide29

Let’s think:

What are some of the cons, or negatives, to living in the city?

Many times more than one family would live in a small tenement apartmentSlide30

Solutions to Problems

Provided by cities:

Installed street lights

Setup fire, sanitation, and police departments

Waged war on disease

Provided by religious groups:

Setup hospitals and clinics for the poor

Gave food, clothing, and shelter to the homeless

Provided by reformers:

Setup settlement houses, where volunteers helped the poor by teaching immigrants English, sponsoring music and sports for young people, and providing nurseries for children of working mothersSlide31

Jane Addams and Hull House

Set up Hull House in Chicago

Hull House became a safe place for the poor

Taught English to immigrants, opened day care centers, sponsored music and dance classes, opened the city’s first public play ground, served meals

Jane Addams was the 1st American woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931.Slide32

Review 18.1

What is an assembly line?

What was the Bessemer process?

What are tariffs?

How did they affect the American Economy in the late 1800s?

Who was Henry Ford? What did he do?Slide33

Review 18.2

Who was Andrew Carnegie?

How did Rockefeller control the oil industry?

What is a trust?

What were some arguments for and against big business?

Who were the Knights of Labor? Who were the American Federation of Labor? Slide34

Review 18.3

What is Urbanization?

What are some problems with urban life?

What were some solutions to the problems of urban life?

What were the causes and effects of the rapid growth of cities?

What leisure activities did people who lived in the city enjoy?