Observational Learning and Miscellaneous Spiral Social Learning Theory Video Clip 8 minutes Task 1 Write 10 main points focusing on the studies and facts in the clip Task 2 Name 10 behaviors that you have learned at least in part through observation ID: 270581
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Social Learning Theory" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Social Learning Theory (Observational Learning) and MiscellaneousSlide2
(Spiral) Social Learning Theory Video Clip8 minutes
Task #1: Write 10 main points focusing on the studies and facts in the clip
Task #2: Name 10 behaviors that you have learned at least in part through observation.Task #3:
Infer 3-4 steps for how to learn by observation. Number them!Slide3
Myers, Module 25, pgs. 315-321Slide4
Observational Learning: Basic Processes
Albert
Bandura (1977, 1986)
Social Learning Theory:
an organism’s responding is influenced by the observation of others (models)
Vicarious conditioning-
classical and operant conditioning can take place vicariously through observational learning
Model: someone you observe and learn from
4 key processes
attention-
pay attention to another person’s behavior and its consequences
retention-
store a mental representation of what you have seen in your memory
reproduction- convert your stored mental representation into behaviormotivation- you encounter a situation where the observed response will pay off, so you perform the behavioracquisition vs. performance- people emit only those responses that they predict will be reinforced
How close were you?Slide5
(Spiral) Famous Studies Rotations: Social Learning Theory
#12: “See Aggression, Do Aggression.” Study on pgs. 38-41 in PDF document.
Summarize the following in 5 points including procedure, results, and implications.Slide6
(Spiral) Observational Learning Quiz ActivityRead through Myers, Module 25, pgs. 315-321.You will be assigned a group and a section. Write one question that captures a key idea of each section.
Mirrors in the Brain
Bandura’s Experiments (something we don’t know yet)Prosocial Effects
Antisocial Effects
After writing your own question, get together with 3 other people (from the 3 other groups). Give them your question, but not the answer. They will give you their questions, and you will write them down. Then, answer the questions using the book. Slide7
(Spiral) Learning FRQ PracticeCletus, a slack-jawed yokel, is run over by his tractor, at which point he develops a fear of farm machinery. His wife helps him overcome this fear by dousing his pillows with pickle juice when he tries to avoid work by staying in his cot, and cooking him an extra nice pot of road kill stew for breakfast when he gets up to work. Finally, his mentor, an old farmer down the road, brings in a heck of a crop, and Cletus watches him the next year to learn his methods.
Explain specifically how the following perspectives apply to this story. Use AS MUCH specific vocabulary AS YOU CAN.
Classical conditioningOperant conditioningSocial Learning Theory (Observational Learning)Slide8
Cletus, a slack-jawed yokel, is run over by his tractor, at which point he develops a fear of farm machinery. His wife helps him overcome this fear by dousing his pillows with pickle juice when he tries to avoid work by staying in his cot, and cooking him an extra nice pot of road kill stew for breakfast when he gets up to work. Finally, his mentor, an old farmer down the road, brings in a heck of a crop, and Cletus watches him the next year to learn his methods. Explain specifically how the following perspectives apply to this story. Use AS MUCH specific vocabulary AS YOU CAN.
Classical conditioningOperant conditioningSocial Learning Theory (Observational Learning
)
_______/9
Minimum
terms
Explanation
pts
Classical
“conditioned
stimulus”=farm machines or tractors
“response”=fear, anxiety, or not wanting to work
Cletus is conditioned to fear farm
equipment because he associates them with his terrifying accident1.5 for each category (3 pts. total)Operant“positive punishment”=pickle juice“positive reinforcement”= breakfast or road kill
stew
Cletus’ wife punishes and reinforces him in order to get
him to work.
1.5
for each category (3 pts. total)
S.L.T
“model”=
old farmer
The farmer down
the road provides a model for Cletus because he brought in a successful crop
1.5
for each category (3 pts. total)Slide9
A Really Great FRQ Cletus’ story illustrates Classical Conditioning
because his accident (the unconditioned stimulus) becomes
associated with tractors (the conditioned stimulus), and this stimulus then generalizes to all farm machinery. Now, when Cletus tries to work in the fields, the sight of farm machinery triggers a
conditioned response
that is undesirable, though the story doesn’t specify what it is. Whatever it is, the feeling resulted from his original accident and has become
associated
now with machinery. The feeling causes Cletus to exhibit avoidance (not working on his farm). Operant conditioning is evident by the reinforcements and punishments Cletus’ wife uses. She pour pickle juice (an aversive stimulus) on his pillow to
positively punish him for not working, thus decreasing that response and shaping him to work. She also positively reinforces Cletus for working by cooking him stew for breakfast, which is presumably something he likes. Cletus’ propensity to work is thus strengthened, and he is
shaped
to
acquire
the behavior to work more often.
Social Learning Theory is evident in the old mentor farmer who lives down the road. He is Cletus model, as Cletus observes the desirable effect of this farmers work (a great crop) and then tries to emulate the farmer’s behavior the next year. The great crop catches Cletus’ attention, which serves as a motivation for Cletus to try to imitate him. He tries to retain this farmer’s methods by watching him and creating a mental image of how the old farmer farms. Lastly, the story implies that he will try to reproduce the farmer’s behavior to reach similar crop success. Slide10
Changes in Our Understandingof Conditioning
Biological Constraints on Conditioning
Instinctive Drift- The case of the miserly raccoons. You can train a behavior into an organism UNLESS the conditioning defies that organism’s instinct.
Conditioned Taste Aversion
- Food is an exception to the usual rules of Classical Conditioning because of natural selection. Usually, the stimulus and the response must be seconds apart to be effective.
Preparedness and Phobias
- Phobias that protected our ancestors are more easily trained into us (e.g. fear of snakes)Slide11
Changes in Our Understandingof Conditioning
Evolutionary Perspectives
on learning- basic mechanisms of learning are similar across species but these mechanisms have sometimes been modified as species have adapted to the specialized demands of their environments
Cognitive Influences
on Conditioning
- Giving ourselves more credit
Signal relations- species predict (which requires thinking) whether the UCS is a good predictor of the CS and react accordingly. EX: Rats, flashing lights (CS), and (UCS) electric shocks
Response-outcome relations- people are capable of seeing whether certain stimuli are logically related to certain responses. EX: The Smash Mouth song and the final exam