Section 5.1. 1. Objectives. SWBAT describe the stages of the cell cycle.. SWBAT compare rates of division in different types of cells.. SWBAT identify factors that limit cell size.. 2. Starter. Why do you always have to cut your hair, your fingernails, and the lawn?. ID: 561753
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Presentations text content in The Cell Cycle
Slide1
The Cell Cycle
Section 5.1
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Slide2
Objectives
SWBAT describe the stages of the cell cycle.SWBAT compare rates of division in different types of cells.SWBAT identify factors that limit cell size.
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Slide3
Starter
Why do you always have to cut your hair, your fingernails, and the lawn?The answer is, of course, that new cells are being made – and will be made all the way up to the time of your death. So, in this section and the following section, we will learn how new cells are created.
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Slide4
Crash Course
Crash Course (SciShow) video on Mitosishttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0k-enzoeOM
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Slide5
Vocabulary – Section 5.1
Cell cycleMitosis (called M Phase)Cytokinesis (also part of M Phase) InterphaseGap 1 (G1)Gap 2 (G2)Synthesis (S Phase)
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Slide6
Metaphase of Mitosis
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Slide7
Onion Root Tip Seen Through Electron Microscope
Varying phases of mitosis. Note, not all cells are dividing at the same time.
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Slide8
Cell cycle of a species of asparagus
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Slide9
Cell Cycle Diagram
This is a cycle of growth, DNA synthesis (replication), and cell division.
Controlled cell growth is essential to allow you (or any organism) to grow and heal.
Out of control cell growth is abnormal and is known as cancer.
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Slide10
Cell Cycle
Cell cycle definition: the regular pattern of growth, DNA duplication, and cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells.
It consists of four stages: three of the stages (Gap 1, Synthesis, and Gap 2) are collectively known as Interphase.
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Slide11
Cell Cycle – Stage 1
Gap 1 (G1) – cells spend most of their time in this stage.During G1, a cell carries out its normal functions.For example: if it is a skeletal muscle cell, it contracts to move joints; if it is an intestinal cell, it absorbs nutrients; etc.In this stage, the cell needs enough nutrition, maturity (size), and undamaged DNA before it can move into the next stages.
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Slide12
Cell Cycle – Stage 2
DNA Synthesis (S) – when your cell copies its nuclear DNARemember, in eukaryotes DNA is kept in the nucleusBy the end of S stage, the cell nucleus contains 2 complete sets of DNA.It is hard to see the DNA in this phase because it is long and stringy. It hasn’t formed condensed, easily seen, chromosomes yet.
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Slide13
Cell Cycle – Stage 3
Gap 2 (G2) – cells continue to carry out normal functions and growth continues. Like in G1, there are critical factors like adequate nutrition, cell size, and undamaged DNA. Duplicated DNA is present.
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Slide14
Cell Cycle – Stage 4
Mitosis – the division of the cell nucleus and its contents.Cytokinesis – divides the cell’s cytoplasm (remember, the new cells need cytoplasm and organelles to function). The result of mitosis and cytokinesis is two genetically identical daughter cells (they are clones of the parent cell).
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Slide15
Mitosis
During mitosis: the nuclear membrane dissolves;the duplicated DNA condenses into easily seen chromosomes (more in next section);and then separates to form two new nuclei.
Your cells and the cells of all other eukaryotes are controlled by the same proteins.
This has been demonstrated – for instance, yeast regulator proteins can work in human cells and vice versa. Why is this?
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Slide16
Cells divide at different rates – depending on type of cell.
Some cells, like neurons, appear not to divide ever. They are referred to as G
0 because they never divide.
Cells that receive a lot of wear and tear divide frequently, others hardly at all (like internal organs)
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Slide17
The size of cells
Cells have upper and lower size limits.Too small and cannot contain all the organelles and molecules they need.Too big and the cell would surpass the minimum surface area, cell membrane, to volume ratio it needs to be able to move all of the oxygen, nutrients, wastes, etc. into and out of the cell as quickly as is necessary. Volume increases much faster than surface area.
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Slide18
Cell size is limited
Volume increases faster than surface area
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Slide19
Cell size is limited
Surface area must allow for adequate exchange of materials.
Cell growth is coordinated with division.Cells that must be large have unique shapes.
Download this presentation
DownloadNote - The PPT/PDF document "The Cell Cycle" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Presentations text content in The Cell Cycle
The Cell Cycle
Section 5.1
1
Slide2Objectives
SWBAT describe the stages of the cell cycle.SWBAT compare rates of division in different types of cells.SWBAT identify factors that limit cell size.
2
Slide3Starter
Why do you always have to cut your hair, your fingernails, and the lawn?The answer is, of course, that new cells are being made – and will be made all the way up to the time of your death. So, in this section and the following section, we will learn how new cells are created.
3
Slide4Crash Course
Crash Course (SciShow) video on Mitosishttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0k-enzoeOM
4
Slide5Vocabulary – Section 5.1
Cell cycleMitosis (called M Phase)Cytokinesis (also part of M Phase) InterphaseGap 1 (G1)Gap 2 (G2)Synthesis (S Phase)
5
Slide6Metaphase of Mitosis
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Slide7Onion Root Tip Seen Through Electron Microscope
Varying phases of mitosis. Note, not all cells are dividing at the same time.
7
Slide8Cell cycle of a species of asparagus
8
Slide9Cell Cycle Diagram
This is a cycle of growth, DNA synthesis (replication), and cell division.
Controlled cell growth is essential to allow you (or any organism) to grow and heal.
Out of control cell growth is abnormal and is known as cancer.
9
Slide10Cell Cycle
Cell cycle definition: the regular pattern of growth, DNA duplication, and cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells.
It consists of four stages: three of the stages (Gap 1, Synthesis, and Gap 2) are collectively known as Interphase.
10
Slide11Cell Cycle – Stage 1
Gap 1 (G1) – cells spend most of their time in this stage.During G1, a cell carries out its normal functions.For example: if it is a skeletal muscle cell, it contracts to move joints; if it is an intestinal cell, it absorbs nutrients; etc.In this stage, the cell needs enough nutrition, maturity (size), and undamaged DNA before it can move into the next stages.
11
Slide12Cell Cycle – Stage 2
DNA Synthesis (S) – when your cell copies its nuclear DNARemember, in eukaryotes DNA is kept in the nucleusBy the end of S stage, the cell nucleus contains 2 complete sets of DNA.It is hard to see the DNA in this phase because it is long and stringy. It hasn’t formed condensed, easily seen, chromosomes yet.
12
Slide13Cell Cycle – Stage 3
Gap 2 (G2) – cells continue to carry out normal functions and growth continues. Like in G1, there are critical factors like adequate nutrition, cell size, and undamaged DNA. Duplicated DNA is present.
13
Slide14Cell Cycle – Stage 4
Mitosis – the division of the cell nucleus and its contents.Cytokinesis – divides the cell’s cytoplasm (remember, the new cells need cytoplasm and organelles to function). The result of mitosis and cytokinesis is two genetically identical daughter cells (they are clones of the parent cell).
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Slide15Mitosis
During mitosis: the nuclear membrane dissolves;the duplicated DNA condenses into easily seen chromosomes (more in next section);and then separates to form two new nuclei.
Your cells and the cells of all other eukaryotes are controlled by the same proteins.
This has been demonstrated – for instance, yeast regulator proteins can work in human cells and vice versa. Why is this?
15
Slide16Cells divide at different rates – depending on type of cell.
Some cells, like neurons, appear not to divide ever. They are referred to as G
0 because they never divide.
Cells that receive a lot of wear and tear divide frequently, others hardly at all (like internal organs)
16
Slide17The size of cells
Cells have upper and lower size limits.Too small and cannot contain all the organelles and molecules they need.Too big and the cell would surpass the minimum surface area, cell membrane, to volume ratio it needs to be able to move all of the oxygen, nutrients, wastes, etc. into and out of the cell as quickly as is necessary. Volume increases much faster than surface area.
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Slide18Cell size is limited
Volume increases faster than surface area
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Slide19Cell size is limited
Surface area must allow for adequate exchange of materials.
Cell growth is coordinated with division.Cells that must be large have unique shapes.
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