1 Freedom of the seas 2 American resentment of Britain 3 American belief that the Brits in Canada were arming and encouraging the Indians 4 American ambition to annex Canada and Florida ID: 727266
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Slide1
War of 1812Slide2
Causes of the War of 1812
1. Freedom of the seas.
2. American resentment of Britain.
3. American belief that the Brits in Canada were arming and encouraging the Indians.
4. American ambition to annex Canada and Florida.
Territorial expansion v. maritime rights?Slide3
2. Chesapeake-Leopard “Affair”
June 21, 1807.
Br. Captain fired on
the USS Chesapeake.
3 dead, 18 wounded.Br. Foreign Office said it was a mistake.Jefferson’s Response:Forbade Br. ships to dock in American ports.Ordered state governors to call up as much as 100,000 militiamen.Slide4
3. The Embargo Act (
1807):
The
“OGRABME” TurtleSlide5Slide6
Presidential Election of 1808
March 4, 1809 – March 4, 1817Slide7
4. The Non-Intercourse Act
(1809)
Replaced the Embargo Act.
Remained U. S. policy until 1812.
Unexpected Consequences:N. Eng. was forced to become self-sufficient again [old factories reopened].Laid the groundwork for US industrial power.Jefferson, a critic of an industrial America, ironically contributed to Hamilton’s view of the US!!!Slide8
5.
British
Instigation of Indians
British General Brock Meets with TecumsehSlide9
General William Henry
Harrison
governor of
the Indiana Territory.
Native Indian chiefs brought to Ft. Wayne, INto sign away 3 mil. acres of land to the US government. (1809)Tecumseh along with his brother Tenskwatawa
(“The Prophet”)
organized a confederacy of Indian tribes to fight for their homelands.
Tecumseh’s brother fought against Harrison and was defeated at Tippecanoe.
This made Harrison a national hero!
[1840 election
Tippecanoe & Tyler, too!
]
Battle of Tippecanoe, 1811Slide10
“War Hawks”
Henry Clay [KY]
John C. Calhoun [SC]
westerners argued
for war in CongressSlide11
American Problems
The US was unprepared militarily:
Had a 12-ship navy vs. Britain’s
800 ships.
Americans disliked a draft preferred to enlist in the disorganized state militias.Financially unprepared:Flood of paper $.Revenue from import tariffs declined.Regional disagreements.Slide12
Major
Battles of the war of 1812
Detroit
Lake ErieThames RiverBladensburg
Fort McHenryNew OrleansSlide13
The Three
U. S. Invasions of
Canada 1812Slide14
Burning of Washington (
August 24, 1814)
after the
Battle of Bladensburg
, the British occupied Washington, D.C. and set fire to many public buildings, including the White House (known as the Presidential Mansion at the time)Slide15
Battle of Fort
McHenry,1814
Oh Say Can You See
By the Dawn’s Early Light…
-- Francis Scott KeySlide16
Treaty of Ghent
December 24, 1814
Reestablished prewar boundaries.
Lots of blood shed for no apparent reason.Slide17
The Battle of New Orleans, 1815Slide18
Jackson’s Florida Campaigns
James Monroe was President
Andrew Jackson takes Florida in 1817.
The
Adams-Onís
Treaty
The U.S. gets Florida.
Spanish rights to the Oregon Territory transfer to the United States.Slide19
Results of the War of 1812
1. Growth of American Nationalism.
Star-Spangled Banner.
Often referred to as the Second War for American Independence.
2. Strengthening of isolationism.3. Increase in westward migration.4. Encouragement of American Industry.5. Disappearance of the Federalist Party.