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Action Research Action Research

Action Research - PowerPoint Presentation

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Uploaded On 2016-03-09

Action Research - PPT Presentation

What it is and how to do it Main Source Action Research in Education by Efron and Ravid Why Do you want to improve change or validate something What would you like to improve change or validate ID: 248051

data research qualitative quantitative research data quantitative qualitative role analysis question identify literature review school findings objective questions action writing procedures reflection

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Presentation Transcript

Slide1

Action Research

What it is and how to do it.

(Main Source: Action Research in Education by Efron and Ravid)Slide2

Why?

Do you want to improve, change, or validate something?

What would you like to improve, change or validate?

How will you know you improved, changed or validated something?

My experience.

Teacher target setting.

Are you a scientist?Slide3

Rationale

Improve practice

Conducted by insiders

Subjective and engaged

Self reflection

Arise from needs

Researcher is part of the process

Bottom-upSlide4

Getting Started

Attitude, inertia, contrariness.

AP audit example.

Teachers have said they want to create, not be told.

Teachers have said, “Show me the data”.Slide5

The Basic Outline ***

Identify a problem, question, or goal

Review the literature

Design and plan

Collect data

Analyze and interpret

Write, share, implementSlide6

Getting Started

Brainstorm

Write it down

Prioritize

Choose your passion

Share and explain

Obstacles?

Is there literature?Slide7

How Might it Work?

Ongoing. Could be a journal.

Cyclic. Start with a question. End with an application of knowledge.

Best if it’s something important to you.Slide8

Put the Question in Writing

General question. Could be sub-questions.

Define terms

Operational definitions

Have a rationale

Refine and focusSlide9

Context

Personal. Professional.

What is your role?

Who might be interested?

Connect theory to practice.Slide10

Project Evaluation Criteria

Problem clearly stated and concise?

Is it researchable?

Can significant evidence be gathered?

Are terms defined?

Is it clear who benefits?

Is it feasible given time, resources, etc.?Slide11

Review of the Literature

Places your project within the existing knowledge base

Trace threads, themes, debates

Theoretical perspectives

Identify the need

Choose possible procedures/methods

Helps narrow and refineSlide12

Sources

Validity of sources

Academic journals

Peer-reviewed works

Recent research

Seminal worksSlide13

Writing the Literature Review

Narrative or bullets

Citations

Possible formats

General to specific, historical to contemporary, theory to practice

Definitions and examples

Not an editorial

Peer edit

AssessmentSlide14

Qualitative Research Questions

Open-ended (how, what)

Question should address who or what is being studied (students, behaviors)Slide15

Quantitative Research Questions

How much, how many...

Hypothesis

Observable, testable

Limited number of variablesSlide16

General to Specific

The inverted triangle

Research topic

Problem statement

Research guidelines

HypothesisSlide17

Approaches to Action ResearchSlide18

Qualitative

Know the assumptions of your school reality - every school is different

Research purpose

Researcher’s role (acknowledge personal values and how they influence the study)

Open-ended questionsSlide19

Qualitative Methods

Case study (in-depth, small sample)

Ethnographic research (cultural, social)

Narrative (In your own words)

Critical (Social justice)Slide20

Quantitative

Assumptions - stable, fixed rules, objective, removed from the specifics of the school

Purpose - universal, scientifically-based

Role - objective, dispassionate

Process - limited, clearly defined variables, cause and effectSlide21

Quantitative Methods

Experiment - independent and dependent variables

Causal-comparative - ex post facto correlation

Descriptive - describe current conditionsSlide22

Mixed Methodology

Embedded

Two phase

IntegratedSlide23

Choosing an Approach

Applying the results universally not as important as helping you.

The question can determine the methodology.

The process of self-reflection. Your role is central.Slide24

Developing a PlanSlide25

Your Role as Researcher

Qualitative or quantitative. Subjective vs objective.

In action research, it’s difficult to be totally objective.

Disciplined subjectivity

Researcher role statementSlide26

Establish the Scope

Manageable? Doable?

Know the boundaries and constraints

Time frame

Reflection periods

Statement of scopeSlide27

Identify the Site and Participants

School context

Students, parents, faculty, administration, community

Sample - different criteria for qualitative and quantitative

Qualitative - purposive, volunteer, convenience

Quantitative - random, systematic, stratified

Write a description of sampleSlide28

Data Collection ProceduresSlide29

Observation

Recording sheet

Behavior log

Photos, videos, audio

Tally sheet

Checklist

Rating scaleSlide30

Interview

Structured

Semi-structured

UnstructuredSlide31

Other Procedures

Surveys

Artifacts and documents

JournalsSlide32

Using Assessment Data

There are many examples available.

Commercial

Norm-referencedSlide33

Teacher-created Assessments

Instructional objectives

Test specifications

Test constructionSlide34

Types of Tests

Multiple choice

Interpretative

Matching

True false

Performance

Rubrics

Portfolio

Supply-type

Completion

Short answer

EssaySlide35

Data Analysis and InterpretationSlide36

Qualitative Analysis

Transform the data into readable text, sort data into files, immerse yourself in the dataSlide37

Analysis

Identify predetermined categories

Look for themes

Use emerging categories in the core data

Synthesis - identify patterns, create a concept map

Support findings with evidenceSlide38

Validating the Interpretation

Alternative interpretations

Triangulate

Contextualize

Self referenceSlide39

Presentation

Thematic form

Chronological

Style of writing

Thick description

Quoting

Checklist for analysisSlide40

Quantitative Analysis

Entering, organizing, graphing, tabulating

Computing measures of distribution centers (mean, median, mode)

Computing measures of distribution validity (range, standard deviation)

Analyzing (correlation, scattergram, variance)

Evaluating the statistical findings

Presenting the findings

Slide41

Writing, Implementing, Sharing ***

Introduction

Literature review

Methodology

Research role

Site and participants

Data collection procedures

Data analysis

Findings and results

Discussion and implications

References

AppendixSlide42

Alternative Forms of Reporting

Poster

Portfolio

Electronic media

Performance presentationSlide43

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