Chapter 13: The Industrial Age - PowerPoint Presentation

Chapter 13: The Industrial Age

Materialism & Progress Utilitarianism This is defined as the philosophic belief that moral good lies in the greatest happiness for the greatest number .

Materialism & Progress The Victorian EraThe industrial era brought the growth of the industrial middle class in Britain. This led to a rise in the standard of living accompanied by technological advances .

Materialism & Progress The Victorian EraJoseph Paxton’s Crystal Palace

Materialism & Progress The Victorian EraPhilosophersJeremy BenthamHe is considered the founder of utilitarianism . He claimed that “God had nothing to do with happiness.”

Materialism & Progress The Victorian EraPhilosophers John Stuart MillHe was one of the first advocates of women’s rights as well as calling for social reform .

Materialism & Progress The Victorian EraPhilosophers Charles DarwinHe published the Origin of Species which promoted the concept of natural selection .

Materialism & Progress The Victorian EraPhilosophers Herbert SpencerHe coined the term “ social Darwinism ” which came to imply the superiority of the white races.

Materialism & Progress The Victorian EraRealismThis was first defined in the artwork of Gustave Courbet when he expressed the representation of the social world without illusion or imaginative alteration.

Materialism & Progress The Victorian EraRealism ManetThe French painter was shocked Parisians with his realistic portrayal of the nude . Femme nue se coiffant , 1879

Materialism & Progress The Victorian EraRealism Rosa BonheurShe was regarded as the most important female painter of her day.

Materialism & Progress The Victorian EraRealism The death of realism in painting came about with the introduction of photography . As the new medium became more readily available, it caused a dramatic shift in the art world to impressionism.

Materialism & Progress The Victorian EraRealist Novel Charles DickensHe was an outspoken critic of the injustices of industrialism .His most famous works on the topic were David Copperfield and Bleak House .

Materialism & Progress The Victorian EraRealist Novel Gustave Flaubert His best known work was Madame Bovary , the story of a naïve provincial women overwhelmed by the sophistication of the modern world. The story starts with her idealized version of the world, only to be led into adultery, debt, and finally suicide.

Materialism & Progress The Victorian EraModern ArchitectureThe change in construction was due to the combination of iron and glass ( steel would later replace iron). An English train station.

Materialism & Progress The Victorian EraModern ArchitectureHenri Labrouste built the Bibliotheque Nationale ( National Library)

Materialism & Progress The Victorian EraModern Architecture Gustave Eiffel builds the Eiffel Tower making it the largest structure in the world at 984 feet in height.

Materialism & Progress The Victorian EraModern ArchitectureLouis Sullivan constructs the modern skyscraper with the Wainwright Building in St. Louis.

Materialism & Progress The Victorian EraModernity & MusicGiuseppe VerdiHe set Shakespeare to music .He also experimented with the “accompanied recitative ,” in which the orchestra mirrored the characters mood (created the concept of the modern soundtrack ).

Materialism & Progress The Victorian EraModernity & Music Richard Wagner He viewed opera as a synthesis of all arts and this concept became known as Gesamtkunstwerk.He became a master of dramatic action, leading to the Leitmotif ( leading motive ). His prized culmination also brought the concept of nationality into music with Der Ring Des Nibelungen.

Materialism & Progress The Victorian EraModernity & MusicJohannes BrahmsHe was regarded as the last great composer of “ absolute ” music in the tradition of Mozart and Beethoven.

Materialism & Progress The Victorian EraModernity & MusicOther Musical NationalsRussian Peter Tchaikovsky’s 1812 Overture Czech Bedrich Smetana’s The Moldau Peter Tchaikovsky Bedrich Smetana

Materialism & Progress The Victorian EraModernity & Music Marius Petipa invented the grand style of ballet, which is now referred to as classical ballet .

Later Romantics and Early Moderns Symbolism & Art NouveauArt Nouveau It is defined as the use of floral motifs and stressed the organic unity of artistic materials and form.

Later Romantics and Early Moderns Symbolism & Art NouveauL’art pour l’art The term was coined by English writer Walter Pater in 1868, which defined this change in art.It means “ art for art’s sake .” Artist began breaking away from the appeal of mass society and indulging their own desires.

Later Romantics and Early Moderns Symbolism & Art NouveauCharles BaudelaireHe wrote Les Fleurs du Mal ( The Flowers of Evil)He delved into sexual exploits and experimentation that closely resemble sadomasochism .

Later Romantics and Early Moderns Symbolism & Art NouveauAntoni Gaudi y Cornet He created the Casa Batllo in Barcelona.

Later Romantics and Early Moderns Symbolism & Art NouveauVienna SecessionThis was a protest by the Austrian artist who “broke” with official institutional art and began to pave the way for modernism . Beethoven Frieze by Gustav Klimt

Later Romantics and Early Moderns Symbolism & Art NouveauClaude Debussy He was a French composer who introduced the whole-tone scale which is akin to impressionism in music.

Later Romantics and Early Moderns Symbolism & Art NouveauAuguste RodinHe was a French sculptor who epitomized the concept of art becoming an “ increasingly subjective affair .”

Later Romantics and Early Moderns ImpressionismIt is the concept of capturing the fleeting effects of light and color with rapid, sketchy brushstrokes.   Water Lily Pond 2 , by Claude Monet  

Later Romantics and Early Moderns ImpressionismThe GreatsClaude Monet Rue Montorgueil , Paris, Festival

Later Romantics and Early Moderns ImpressionismThe GreatsPierre-Auguste Renoir Landscape between Storms

Later Romantics and Early Moderns ImpressionismThe GreatsEdgar Degas who also created off-center compositions. Two Dancers on Stage

Later Romantics and Early Moderns Post-ImpressionistsThese artists are noted for taking their techniques in different directions. Broadditch Pond , by Nigel Hirst

Later Romantics and Early Moderns Post-ImpressionistsGeorges Seurat He developed pointillism in which he meticulously created paintings with tiny dots . Study for A Sunday on La Grande Jatte

Later Romantics and Early Moderns Post-ImpressionistsPaul CezanneHe applied the concept of natural and permanent settings in impressionism. Mountains in Provence

Later Romantics and Early Moderns Post-ImpressionistsPaul Gauguin His paintings devolved into a more abstract form. Nave Nave Moe

Later Romantics and Early Moderns Post-ImpressionistsVincent van GoghHis painting developed a self-conscious primitivism that reflected concept of the modern city.

Later Romantics and Early Moderns Post-ImpressionistsVincent van GoghHis most famous work is Starry Night.

The Dark Side of Progress Realist WritersAnton Chekhov and Henrik Ibsen both wrote works that reflected the idea that modernization has led to dark psychological realism. Anton Chekhov Henrik Ibsen

The Dark Side of Progress Realist WritersHenry James and Edith Wharton both focused more toward their character’s perceptions and feelings as opposed to external action. Henry James Edith Wharton

The Dark Side of Progress Realist WritersFyodor Dostoyevsky The Russian novelist whose works focused on how his character's moral kindness and generosity eventually turn into cruelty and murder .

The Dark Side of Progress Realist WritersFyodor DostoyevskyHis political work pointed to the fact that mass society was governed by an elite who offered them material comforts and the illusion of freedom . Edgar Degas’s Rape , which was used for the “Crime & Punishment” display for the Philadelphia Museum of Art.

The Dark Side of Progress Realist WritersFriedrich NietzscheThe first author to delve deep into the psychology of reality. He concluded that man’s impulse to love and create lie close to his concepts of hatred and destructiveness.