PPT-Enthalpy, entropy, and free energy

604 What does Spontaneous Mean in Chemistry A spontaneous change is a change in a system that proceeds without a net input of energy from an outside source Needs some activation energy to get started. Entropy is an essential component in . Δ. G and must be considered in order to model many chemical processes, including protein folding, and protein – ligand binding. Conformational Entropy. – relates to changes in entropy that arise from changes in molecular shape or dynamics. MEANING OF THE TERM? . CLUE. WHAT 8 LETTER WORD INDICATES THE CONDITION OF THE CLASS IN THE ABSENCE OF THE TEACHER. ENTROPY. DISORDER . DENOTED BY S. IS A MEASURE OF DISORDER OF A SYSTEM. IT CAN BE ZERO AT ZERO KELVIN AND THIS ASSUMES A PERFECTLY ORDERED CRYSTAL. Entropy (S), . Ethalpy. (H) and Gibbs Free Energy (G). What do we know about chemical reactions?. We can write chemical reactions and show how atoms and molecules come together to form products. . We can determine the energy change in a chemical reaction . Internal Energy Equation. ΔE = Q + W = Q . + . PΔV. If the reaction is carried out at a constant volume (ΔV = 0) , then ΔE = Q. If volume is constant, any heat added or removed changes the internal energy. 12.1 Types of Enthalpy Change . 12.2 Born-Haber Cycles. 12.3 Enthalpy Changes – Enthalpy of Solution. 12.4 Mean Bond Enthalpy. 12.5 Entropy. 12.1 Enthalpy Change – Ionic Compounds. Learning Objectives:. Thermodynamics:. “The laws of thermodynamics describe the essential role of energy and explain and predict the direction of changes in matter. Basic concepts in Big Idea #5. Law of conservation of energy. Chapter 17. Homework. Due with next test. Page 807 . 23-71 . odd. Equations Sheet. Thermodynamics vs. Kinetics. Kinetics deals with . r. ate . of a . reaction, . this depends . on the pathway from reactants to products.. g. recall the stages involved in the formation of a solid ionic crystal from its elements and that this leads to a measured value for the lattice energy (students will not be expected to draw the full Born-Haber cycles). Spontaneous Reaction. A reaction that occurs without outside intervention.. Once it occurs it can be fast or slow.. It can go to completion. (Recall the three products produced :. Precipitate (table F), gas, or water.). 419 students should talk/email me about paper topics THIS WEEK.. HW 5 due on Thursday, March 15. The 2. nd. law of Thermodynamics. There are various equivalent early forms, e.g.:. An isolated system approaches thermal equilibrium, in which all its component objects have the same temperature. . Why do chemical reactions happen?. Topic . 15: Energetics (. 8. . hours). 15.1 . Standard enthalpy changes of reaction. 15.1.1 . Define and apply the terms standard state, standard enthalpy change of formation (¬H ) f. Enthalpy . is a state function . (the pathway does not matter) with . the symbol . H. ..  . H . = E + . P V. E . is the internal energy of the system, P is the pressure of the system, and V is the volume of the system.. Kitaev. Models . R R P Singh + Owen Bradley (UC Davis). . J. . Oitmaa. (UNSW, Australia). . A. Koga ( Tokyo Inst. Of Tech, Japan). . D. Sen (Bangalore). To understand entropy, we need to consider . probability. .. Think about a deck of cards…. Only one way to be ordered in sequence like a new deck.. Many ways to be out of sequence.. Improbable. after shuffling.