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Humanities - PowerPoint Presentation

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Humanities - PPT Presentation

12213 The Documents and Events Leading up to the Articles of Confederation The Albany Congress of 1754 Major player Ben Franklin Background The FrenchIndian Wars made it clear that the colonies needed to be bound together in some formal way and British officials ID: 606066

congress colonies crown continental colonies congress continental crown union plan govt national act cont grievances acts english intolerable british articles boston confederation

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Slide1

Humanities 12/2/13

The Documents and Events Leading up to the Articles of ConfederationSlide2

The Albany Congress of 1754

Major player: Ben Franklin

Background:

The French-Indian Wars made it clear that the colonies needed to be bound together in some formal way, and British officials

in the colonies recognized

this.

There were 3 types of colonies:

Royal charter : VA, NY, NH, MA, NJ, NC, SC, and GA

Proprietary (property): PA, DE, and MD

Charter (Business/Corporation): RI and CT

Ben Franklin agreed that the colonies needed to be bound together formallySlide3

Albany Plan of Union, Continued

The Plan of Union proposed:

A President-General to be appointed by the Crown

A Grand Council elected every 3 years by the individual colony’s assembly

Membership in the Grand Council dependent upon a proportion of money deposited in the national treasury

The Grand Council will oversee:

Indian Treaties/Trade—in fact they met with the Iroquois to discuss this and to make a plan to fight the French

National Military (big problem for King)

Taxes and tariffs

National TreasurySlide4

The Albany Plan for Union, cont

Why do you think the individual colonies refused this plan?

Why do you think the Crown (British

govt

) was thrilled this didn’t go through?

Does it remind you of anything?Slide5

Heading to the Articles of Confederation: the Intolerable Acts

After the Boston Tea Party:

Boston Port Act: Closing of the Boston Harbor until pay for tea

Massachusetts

Govt

Act (closed MA

gov’t

down; set up a different

govt

controlled by crown)

Quartering Act

Administration of Justice Act

Quebec ActSlide6

The First Continental Congress

Philadelphia, 9/5/1774

Convened in response to the Intolerable Acts imposed upon MA

12 of 13 colonies sent delegates (GA was so far away…)

Representatives were elected by their own assemblies (colonial

govt

)

NY and PA wanted a peaceful resolution w England

Some wanted legislative parity (an equal voice in the English parliament)

Others, most notably VA, wanted separationSlide7

The First Continental Congress, cont

Agreed that Grievances against the Crown must be made publicly known

Bonding time for the colonies as they had been their own entities up to now

The Plan of Union, proposed by PA, was discarded because of the Suffolk County Resolves: the resolution to Boycott English goods (imports)

This became The Association which was the agreement that all colonies would boycott English goods and that they would work to create mechanisms to resist England (

ie

Militias)

Formed the Continental Association and sent grievances to the King

The English

govt

had until the end of 1774 to rescind the Intolerable ActsSlide8

Common Sense by Thomas Paine

Published January 1776

Written by an Englishman new to the colonies

Political pamphlet read by the educated (thus the colonial leaders)

Argued for separation from the Crown

Colonists had been loyal to the Crown and feared the British army, but this provided a final push to revolution

Used biblical language

Argued for democracy

A long habit of not thinking a thing wrong, gives it a superficial appearance of being right, and raises at first a formidable outcry in defense of custom.”Slide9

The Second Continental Congress

Began a series of meetings on May 10, 1775

12 of 13 once again, but GA did eventually join in July

Tasked with managing the war effort (that began at Concord/Lexington April 1775)

Created the Continental Army (the first national military) and appointed Washington as General of the Army

Wrote and presented the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms (a

predeclaration

to the Declaration):

“taxation without representation”

The Crown’s indifference to the grievances focused on the Intolerable ActsSlide10

The Second Continental Congress, cont

The Olive Branch Petition was drafted next

Negotiate trade and tax laws

Remain loyal to Crown

Too late as it was received after the Cause and Necessity of Taking Up Arms

King declared a Proclamation for Suppressing Rebellion and Sedition===war on the colonies declared

The Second Continental Congress now assumes the role of a national government: declaring war, issuing money, raising armies, signing treaties, etcSlide11

The Second Continental Congress, cont

The Congress then issued a need for

A Declaration of Independence

Noted the philosophy upon which the

govt

would be formed

“Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness”

Outlined the 27 Grievances against the Crown

Declared solidarity as a union

Proclaimed itself as a union so that other countries might understand and support the RevolutionSlide12

The Second Continental Congress, cont

The Model Treaty

It was a template

It served as our first diplomatic document

Free and reciprocated trade

Reinforced the trade arrangements with France and Spain that already existed

Set up free ports

Set up a list of contraband

9/24/1776 accepted and Ben Franklin took it to Paris which lead to the Treaty of Alliance which provided military assistance to the Revolutionary forcesSlide13

Assignment: The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union