PPT-Mineral Chemistry GY111 Physical Geology

Atoms amp Atomic Particles An atom is the smallest component of an element that can retain the properties of that element Atoms are composed of fundamental particles Protons Neutrons Electrons. Astronaut Geology Training We began the geology training course with 29 astronauts John Glenn attended some of the early classes but was not formally in cluded since he had other obligations and was not expected I. t . S. haped the World. b. y Josh . I. rving. What is Geology?. Geology is the study of rocks, gems, and minerals and the study of the structure of these materials. An important part is how they were formed and how they change over time.. 1. HISTORICAL GEOLOGY. LECTURE 1. STRATIGRAPHY. Stratigraphy. :. Many past geologic events have resulted in . strata. or . layers. of sediment which have formed a stacked vertical sequence of . sedimentary rocks. Evolution of the Continents. Important Terms. Craton: interior of continents made of stable Precambrian and Paleozoic . rocks.. Shield: portion of Craton composed of older Precambrian . rocks.. Platform: portion of Craton made of younger Paleozoic . Solar System. Nebular Hypothesis. Nebular Hypothesis: Solar System was produced by the gravitational collapse of a gas cloud – the remnant of a supernova . explosion.. Concentration of heavy elements in inner . naturally occurring, . inorganic solid . with a specific chemical composition . a definite crystalline structure. Minerals can form from the cooling of magma which is the molten material found beneath Earth’s surface as magma rises closer to the surface the molten compounds no longer move freely and they begin to interact chemically to form minerals. Earthquake Mechanisms. Brittle Mechanical Model: “stick-slip”. Focal point: 3D point inside the lithosphere where the seismic event occurs. Epicenter: projection of focal point to the map surface . Ranger. O. utline . Mineral potential assessment . Methods of assessment (mineral potential, prospectivity, and favourability maps) . Mineral-systems approach . definition, advantages and disadvantages. Requirements a minimum of 18 SH that includesGEOS130 Principles of Geology I3 SHGEOS131 Principles of Geology II3 SHGEOS260 Geology Field Trip1 SHRemaining hours will have to be chosen from the follow Metamorphism. Causes of Metamorphism. Elevated T & P. Fluids (H2O, CO2, CH4, etc.). Directed Stress. Types of Metamorphism. Regional: occur along convergent plate boundaries.. Contact: occurs along margin of a magma intrusion.. Our estimates of pressures and temperatures experienced by rocks during metamorphism are based on metamorphic reactions.. Mineral Reactions. There are two basic types of mineral reactions:. Continuous. The geology of Iraq as a study is closely depended on basic geologic branches, such as tectonics, . stratigraphy. , . sedimentology. , petrology, paleontology and structural geology. On the other hand, there are some applied branches in geology directly related to studying geology of Iraq, such as petroleum geology, hydrogeology and economic geology. To understanding the geology of Iraq, we must return to tectonic and . Stress & Strain. Stress: a force applied to an area.. Example: tire pressure in psi.. Strain: a change in original shape or volume (produced by stress).. Elastic strain: analogous to a steel spring or rubber band.. Kambas, A., . Leontsini. , D., . Chatzinikolaou. , A., . Avloniti. , A., . Stambouis. , Th., . Gounelas. , G., . Karagiannopoulou. , S., . Protopapa. , M., . Pontidis. , Th., . Mavropalias. , G., . Giannakidou.