PPT-Mineral Chemistry GY111 Physical Geology

Atoms amp Atomic Particles An atom is the smallest component of an element that can retain the properties of that element Atoms are composed of fundamental particles Protons Neutrons Electrons. | . RONALD FRIEDMAN. ©. 2014 W. . H. FREEMAN . D . COMPANY. Physical Chemistry: Thermodynamics, Structure, and Change. Tenth Edition. ART POWERPOINT PRESENTATIONS. Chapter 1. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY: THERMODYNAMICS, STRUCTURE, AND CHANGE 10E | PETER ATKINS | JULIO DE PAULA . Introduce Wyoming Board of Professional Geologists. Make sure you’re aware of licensure requirements to practice geology. critical to many careers involving geology. never easier than now to get started. Geology!. Geology!. Geology!. What is Geology?. Geology is the study of the Earth, the . materials. of which it is made, the . structure. of those materials, and the . processes. acting upon them. It includes the study of organisms that have inhabited our planet. An important part of geology is the study of how Earth’s materials, structures, processes and organisms have changed over time.. Evolution of the Continents. Important Terms. Craton: interior of continents made of stable Precambrian and Paleozoic . rocks.. Shield: portion of Craton composed of older Precambrian . rocks.. Platform: portion of Craton made of younger Paleozoic . Solar System. Nebular Hypothesis. Nebular Hypothesis: Solar System was produced by the gravitational collapse of a gas cloud – the remnant of a supernova . explosion.. Concentration of heavy elements in inner . Geological “Clocks”. Geologic time determination is subdivided into 2 categories:. Relative Dating: simply determines whether or not an event occurs before or after another event (e.g. a granite dike is younger than the surrounding sandstone since it intrudes across the sandstone in an outcrop).. naturally occurring, . inorganic solid . with a specific chemical composition . a definite crystalline structure. Minerals can form from the cooling of magma which is the molten material found beneath Earth’s surface as magma rises closer to the surface the molten compounds no longer move freely and they begin to interact chemically to form minerals. Types of Rocks. Rock: an aggregate of one or more minerals. Igneous Rocks: crystallize from a magma. Sedimentary Rocks. Clastic: formed by the erosion of pre-existing rocks. Chemical/Biochemical: precipitated from chemical reactions. Learning Objectives. List the difference between organic and inorganic chemistry.. Categorize and give examples of different substances for each of the different states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.. Earthquake Mechanisms. Brittle Mechanical Model: “stick-slip”. Focal point: 3D point inside the lithosphere where the seismic event occurs. Epicenter: projection of focal point to the map surface . Metamorphism. Causes of Metamorphism. Elevated T & P. Fluids (H2O, CO2, CH4, etc.). Directed Stress. Types of Metamorphism. Regional: occur along convergent plate boundaries.. Contact: occurs along margin of a magma intrusion.. Stress & Strain. Stress: a force applied to an area.. Example: tire pressure in psi.. Strain: a change in original shape or volume (produced by stress).. Elastic strain: analogous to a steel spring or rubber band.. Important Terms. Craton: interior of continents made of stable Precambrian and Paleozoic rocks.. Shield: portion of Craton composed of older Precambrian rocks.. Platform: portion of Craton made of younger relatively undeformed Paleozoic sediments.. Kambas, A., . Leontsini. , D., . Chatzinikolaou. , A., . Avloniti. , A., . Stambouis. , Th., . Gounelas. , G., . Karagiannopoulou. , S., . Protopapa. , M., . Pontidis. , Th., . Mavropalias. , G., . Giannakidou.