Early Psychology Plato and Socrates believed all knowledge was innate Aristotle believed all knowledge was gained from experience 1600s Rene Descartes mind body distinct entitites ID: 466536
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Slide1
Psychology’s HistorySlide2
Early Psychology
Plato and Socrates – believed all knowledge was innate
Aristotle – believed all knowledge was gained from experience
1600s
Rene
Descartes (mind / body distinct
entitites
)
Francis
Bacon (humans see patterns where they do not exist)
John
Locke (empiricism – knowledge arises from experience, observation, experimentation)Slide3
Wilhelm Wundt
Dec. 1879 – Leipzig, Germany
First psych experiment – measured delay between an individual hearing a ball drop and pushing a button. Compared to when they were aware of their awareness.
Modern psychology born! Slide4
Fun loving, joyful Harvard professor. Godfather was Ralph Waldo Emerson and good friends with Mark Twain and Sigmund Freud
Functionalism
=emphasized the
exploring of the mind
including emotions, memories, and streams of consciousness.
First to admit a woman, Mary Calkins, into Harvard’s Psychology program.
“Thus the sovereign voluntary path to cheerfulness, if our spontaneous cheerfulness be lost, is to sit up cheerfully, to look around cheerfully, and to act and speak as if cheerfulness were already there. If such conduct does not make you soon feel cheerful, nothing else on that occasion can.”
William James
Influential early psychologist
Harvard University 1880sSlide5
John B. Watson
John Hopkins
Psychology professor 1913
Behavioralism = emphasized that the science of
psychology should dismiss introspection.
Only focus on observable behavior!
“Little Albert” experiments. (Fear the rat!!!)
"Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my
own specified world to bring them up in and I'll guarantee
to take any one at random and train him to become any
type of specialist I might select—doctor, lawyer, artist,
merchant, and, yes, even
beggarman
and thief, regardless
of his talents, tendencies, abilities, and race.”
Viewpoints later adopted by B.F. Skinner, perhaps
the most influential psychologist of the 20
th
century.Slide6
Psychology…
…the study of behavior and mental processes.Slide7
Remember!
Each of psychology’s above perspectives is helpful, but each by itself
fails to reveal the whole picture.Slide8
The Biopsychosocial Approach Slide9
The Yates FamilySlide10
QUESTIONS FOR THE DAY:
Why are the answers that flow from the scientific approach more reliable than those based on intuition and common sense?
What are the three main components of the scientific attitude?