i c a l BPT 3113 Management of Technology Chapter Outline Introduction Concept and Nature of Innovation Types of Innovation Sources of Innovation Models of Innovation Innovation Process ID: 420199
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Slide1
T e c h n o l o g
i c a l
BPT 3113 – Management of TechnologySlide2
Chapter Outline
IntroductionConcept and Nature of InnovationTypes of InnovationSources of Innovation
Models of Innovation
Innovation Process
Influencing FactorsSlide3
Lesson Outcomes
Explain the concept, components and characteristics of innovationDescribe the models and sources of innovationKnow the stages in the innovation processIdentify the factors that contribute to successful innovationSlide4
Introduction
Managing technology involves continuous effort in creating technology, developing novel products and services, and successfully marketing themIt requires:Great creativityInvestment in R&DLabs
MarketplaceSlide5
Concept and Nature of Innovation
Invention is an idea for a novel product or processInnovation is the introduction of new products, processes or services into the market placeTechnological innovation begins with invention – a sub-set of innovation
The process of technological innovation is a complex set of activities that transforms ideas and scientific knowledge into physical reality and real-world applications - converts knowledge into useful products and services that have socioeconomic impact.Slide6
Characteristics of organizational innovation are as follows:
An innovation must be...A tangible product, process or procedure within an organizationNew to the social setting within which it is introducedIntentional rather than accidentalA challenging changeAimed at predicting benefit to the organizationPublic in its effects
Concept and Nature of InnovationSlide7
Components of InnovationSlide8
Types of InnovationSlide9
Types of InnovationSlide10
Types of InnovationSlide11
Types of InnovationSlide12
Types of InnovationSlide13
Types of InnovationSlide14
Sources of InnovationSlide15
Fundamental components of the model are the same but the nature of the business may dictate variations in implementation techniques.
Models of InnovationSlide16
Reveals
the important role of entrepreneurship in connecting ideas to the marketplaceThe management role in the innovation chain emphasizes:The need for stability and control at a certain phase of the innovation processA formalized managerial structure tends to produce incremental and process innovations more than radical innovations
Martin (1994) illustrate the technological innovation process as a chain equation
Models of InnovationSlide17
Mills (1996) provided very simplified but interesting definitions for several components of the process of technological innovation known as minimalist definitions.
Science : How things are.Technology : How to do things.Management :
How to get things done.
Technology management
:
Doing things.
Entrepreneurship
:
Doing things to make money
Innovation
:
Doing entrepreneurship
Models of InnovationSlide18
Innovation Process
8 Stages of Technological InnovationSlide19
8 Stages of
Technological Innovation
Basic
Research
Increase
our general understanding of the laws of nature
Generating
knowledge over a long period of time
May
or may not result in specific application
Applied
Research
Directed
toward solving one or more of society’s problems (specific problems)
Eg
.: research conducted to develop a drug for treating a known disease
Technology
Development
Human
activity that converts knowledge and ideas into physical hardware, software or service - prototype
Technology
Implementation
Set
of activities associated with introducing a product into the marketplace – success commercial introductionSlide20
Production / Manufacturing
Set of activities associated with the widespread conversion of design concepts or ideas into products and services – production control, logisticMarketing
Set
of activities that ensures that consumers embrace the technology – promotion, distribution strategy
Proliferation / Diffusion
Strategy
that ensure the widespread use of the technology and its dominance in the marketplace
Depends
on methods of exploiting the technology
Technology enhancement
Set
of activities associated with maintaining a competitive edge for the
technology - increases
the life cycle of the technology
8 Stages of Technological InnovationSlide21
Critical
Trajectories Impacting The Innovation Process Border crossings (national and sectorial)Increasing of science-technology articles with international co-authorship and also between academic and government
Emergence of complex technologies
Fit to and cause from diverse demands, perspectives, approaches and contexts
Age of knowledge and distributed intelligence, KDI
Network of knowledge – integration of knowledge from different sources and domains across space and time
Learning and intelligent systems - exploring the human behavior in collaboration with machines
Computing challenges - exploit the numeric barrier Slide22
Influencing Factors
The presence of scientific knowledge – technological change is dependent on scientific discoveries
The level of maturity of the underlying science
– a wide base of knowledge enhances technological development
The type of technology and the phase of its life cycle
– innovation rate is high for emerging and growing technology
The level of investment in technology
– technological development is connected to the level of R&D funding
The level of political commitment
– the pace of innovation is sensitive to high level policy decisions
The ability to borrow advances from related technologies
– advances in communication technology are dependent on satellite components
The diffusion rate and patterns
- a technology that is widely diffused in the market may delay other technologies from entry Slide23
Recognition to Technology
Time to MarketMultiple-site continuous R&DImprovements in CommunicationThe Push for EducationChanges in Institutional InteractionsChanges in Organizational Structure
Influencing FactorsSlide24
Summary
Technological innovation is a sub-set of innovationTechnological innovations may arise from sources within or outside the organizationInnovation process has been viewed as a sequence of separable stagesTwo basic variations of innovation models are technology push and market pull