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BARSOP  Seminar:  “Bargaining BARSOP  Seminar:  “Bargaining

BARSOP Seminar: “Bargaining - PowerPoint Presentation

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BARSOP Seminar: “Bargaining - PPT Presentation

and Social Dialogue at the Public Sector Comparative Perspectives Amsterdam 21092017 Main results Italy Marcello Pedaci Marco Betti Rossella Di Federico University ID: 777580

barsop public amsterdam seminar public barsop seminar amsterdam 2017 school primary quality services employment 2001 sector months schools 2014

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Presentation Transcript

Slide1

BARSOP

Seminar:

“Bargaining

and Social Dialogue at the Public Sector: Comparative

Perspectives” – Amsterdam 21-09-2017

Main

results

Italy

Marcello

Pedaci

, Marco Betti, Rossella Di

Federico (

University

of

Teramo)

Slide2

BARSOP

Seminar -

Amsterdam 21-09-2017

The most relevant policies for the sub-sectors

A general reform: the

Brunetta

Reform (2009)

Changed the

regulatory

framework

of employment

relation, including

role and

scope of industrial

relations

Reduced the

scope of collective negotiations, above all at decentralized

level

(for instance it excluded matters

related to work organisation and

HRM issues).

Stricter rules and constraints for collective negotiations

; more controls

of the central government and

the

Court of

Accounts.

Wage

increases and promotions were made conditional on

more rigorous performance

assessment

system

.

More controls (

more severe than in the private sector)

on absenteeism (including economic penalisation in case of sick leave); cut in time off paid leave for union

activities.

Introduced

principles of transparency and accountability

Slide3

BARSOP Seminar -

Amsterdam 21-09-2017

Austerity measures

Public sector

one

of the main

target

reduction

of

public

sector pay

bill.

Measures

targeting wages…

National negotiations were embedded within stricter constraints, in particular with regards to wage

increases.

In 2010

national

bargaining machinery was simply frozen

for all public

sectors (until 2015:

the Constitutional Court declared uncostitutional further

extensions).

Decentralized negotiations, even if not blocked, were subjected to stricter constraints

and controls, and

de facto

greatly

weakened.

They froze

increases linked to seniority and career

progression. And reduced

some allowances, additional

benefits.

Measures

aimed at reducing employment levels…

Restricted replacement of permanent workers

limiting it to 10% of employees

retired

in the previous year (20% in 2010 and 2011; 50% in the next years).

Cuts of temporary contracts.

Slide4

BARSOP Seminar -

Amsterdam 21-09-2017

Sub-sectors-specific reforms – Many similarities

Promoted a progressive

privatisation

and

marketization

, introduced/ strengthened

competition

between sectoral organisations (public and private) (

primary school, hospitals

).

Promoted a process of

managerialisation

, increased unilateralism, i.e. unilateral regulation of many issues concerning work organisation, terms and conditions.

Consistently with the government's approach, they tried to

reduce costs

 changing (i.e. reducing) services, reducing

nr

. of organisations, enhancing outsourcing, limiting the possibilities of spending, etc..

Promoted

de-centralisation

(but r

e-centralized the evaluating, monitoring and providing guidelines activities, above all in

primary school

).

Further promoted accountability and transparency

Slide5

BARSOP Seminar -

Amsterdam 21-09-2017

Reform

Moratti (law 53/2003),

Reform

Gelmini (law 133/2008, law 169/2008)

Reduction

of

school

time

(from

30 hours per week to

27 or 24)

Increase

in the

maximum

class

size (30 children)Reduction of teaching posts (elimination of the three-teachers per class model)Closure of small schools; merging of schools (in particular of their administrative offices)Reform Buona Scuola (law 107/2015)Merit-based components for teachers’ salaries.Greater autonomy for schools heads in managing human, technological and financial resources (including the distribution of merit-based components for teachers’ salaries).

Example

:

Primary

schools

reforms

Slide6

BARSOP

Seminar -

Amsterdam 21-09-2017

General and sector-specific policies...

Driven by pressures to cut public costs (pressures of ”troika”)

inspired

by NPM doctrine;

F

avored

by the spread of discourses and rhetoric against public employees (and against public sector trade

unions)

Slide7

BARSOP Seminar -

Amsterdam 21-09-2017

Very

limited influence

on the

design

of reforms; limited possibilities to participate to the designing of the national policies (almost none in

primary school

)

Unions’ attempts by using…

Pressures on governments for discussing, for rejecting expenditure cuts

Campaigns (dissemination of discourses, which for example emphasized the link between quality of work-quality of service)

Mobilisations (strikes, protests, sometimes with other civil society organisations)

Initiatives to abrogate law (promotion of an abrogative referendum (

primary school

). Failed, not collected the signatures (of citizens) necessary (500,000) to call a referendum

Recourse to the courts

Role

of industrial relations in

shaping the sub-sectors

Slide8

BARSOP Seminar -

Amsterdam 21-09-2017

Some positive

results

in

influencing

the

implementation

of

reforms

,

initiatives

Above

all

at

decentralized levelMore often in hospitals and municipalities  also because: they have greater financial autonomy than schools; political dimension of the counter-part, in particular in the case of municipalities (i.e of major and local government) Generally, influences of limited extent, they have mainly mitigated risks and negative dynamics for employment and services

Slide9

BARSOP Seminar -

Amsterdam 21-09-2017

Examples

:

Slide10

BARSOP Seminar -

Amsterdam 21-09-2017

Union

density

remains

quite

stable

or

increased

(

primary

school

)

also

for the growing perception (among workers) of an increasing risk of job quality deteriorations.Highly conflicting relationship at national levelIncreased unilateralism; national governments reaffirmed their power to decide also on terms and conditions of public employees. (Changes in ideas/discourses on the role of social dialogue: “not necessary”, “a waste of time”).Evolution in industrial relations

Slide11

BARSOP Seminar -

Amsterdam 21-09-2017

(

Coexisting with)

cooperative relationship at decentralized level

, in some organisations.

But in a context of more

limited scope

of decentralized collective bargaining,

stricter constraints

and

poorer

resources.

affecting

the

possibility to introduce/extend innovative solutions.

Slide12

BARSOP Seminar -

Amsterdam 21-09-2017

Outcomes

Total public

expenditure

(

2014):

826.6 billions

euro, 51.2% of GDP

Variations of public expenditure by functions, 2001-2014 (2001 = 100)

Public expenditure by functions as % of GDP

 

2001

2009

2014

Diff

. 2014-2009

Total

47,5

51,151,20,1General public services108,68,90,3Defence

1,2

1,4

1,2

-0,2

Public order and safety

1,9

2

1,9

-0,1

Economic affairs

4,6

4,7

4,1

-0,6

Health

6,2

7,5

7,2

-0,3

Hospital services

2,9

3,5

3,2

-0,3

Education

4,5

4,6

4,1

-0,5

Social

protection

16,8

19,8

21,4

1,6

Other

2,4

2,6

2,4

-0,2

Slide13

BARSOP Seminar -

Amsterdam 21-09-2017

Decrease of employment levels

Difficulties for replacements

Increase in the average age of employees

Deterioration of wage, with significant loss of purchasing power (the worst in

primary school

)

Deterioration of career prospects

Increase in the extension of working time and work load, work intensity

Deterioration of training and skill development opportunities (above all in

municipalities

)

Decreasing satisfaction, decreasing attractiveness of public organisations as employer

Effects

on

quantity

/

quality

of employment

Slide14

BARSOP Seminar -

Amsterdam 21-09-2017

Total

employees (2014):

3.2

millions

+ 106,800

with non-standard

contracts

Variations of permanent employees in different public sub-sectors, 2001-2015 (2001 = 100

)

14.9% of total employment

Public

schools

-

104,245

Municipalities

-

50,505

National health service-28,819Total public sector-273,200In just over 10 years…

Slide15

BARSOP Seminar -

Amsterdam 21-09-2017

The impact on wages…

Variations of public employees’ average wage, 2001-2014 (2001 = 100)

Slide16

BARSOP Seminar -

Amsterdam 21-09-2017

ambiguous

trends, lack of significant improvements;

already existing criticalities still remain and sometimes are getting worse

including the problem of equal access to public

provisions

territorial disparities (often with a dramatic polarisation, in terms of availability/quality of services,

between

Southern and

Central-

Northern

Italy

)

Dynamics of

availability

/quality of services ( dynamics of employment)

Slide17

BARSOP Seminar -

Amsterdam 21-09-2017

Average

class

size

Primary

education

, Public

institutions

Examples

:

p

rimary

school

Slide18

BARSOP Seminar -

Amsterdam 21-09-2017

Average waiting periods

Examples

: hospitals,

municipalities

Use of municipal childcare services, coverage rate

0-2

y.o

. residents

Diagnostic examinations

Surgical interventions

Specialist visits

15 months

mammography

24 months

removal of prostheses

12 months

neurological

12 monthsmagnetic resonance imaging24 monthsalluce valgo9 monthsophthalmology11 monthsecodoppler20 monthsmaxillo

-facial intervention

9 months

oncologic

10 months

TAC

18 months

breast reconstruction

8 months

cardiological

Slide19

BARSOP Seminar -

Amsterdam 21-09-2017

Marginalisation of trade unions, social dialogue, collective negotiations… (influenced by different changes: discourses, ideas, pressures for certain choices, policies, initiatives)

Outcome: worsening of quantity/quality of work

No significant improvements, rather a worsening of quality of services

“Lost-lost solutions”!

Some

conclusions