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Quaestio :  Were the Mongols successful as rulers? Quaestio :  Were the Mongols successful as rulers?

Quaestio : Were the Mongols successful as rulers? - PowerPoint Presentation

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Quaestio : Were the Mongols successful as rulers? - PPT Presentation

Nunc Agenda Read the question on your notes sheet and write a paragraph explaining your response Yelü Chucai was Confucian scholar who worked for the Jin Dynasty of China though he was from the nomadic ID: 810727

khan mongol empire china mongol khan china empire mongols rulers rule conquered steppe lands great khanate conquerors local genghis

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Presentation Transcript

Slide1

Quaestio

:

Were the Mongols successful as rulers?

Nunc

Agenda

:

Read the question on your notes sheet and write a paragraph explaining your response.

Slide2

Yelü

Chucai

was Confucian scholar who worked for the Jin Dynasty of China, though he was from the nomadic

Khitan

tribe, a neighbor of the Mongols. When the Mongols conquered Northern China, he became a top advisor to Genghis Khan and to the next Great Khan, his son

Ögedei

. He is said to have once told

Ögedei

Khan,

“You can conquer an empire on horseback, but you cannot rule it on horseback.”

What do you think he meant by this statement? How does it relate to the development of the Mongol Empire? Write a paragraph below explaining your answer.

Slide3

Slide4

Expanding the Empire

Under the leadership of Genghis Khan, the Mongols conquered the majority of the Eurasian Steppe

After death of Genghis, his sons and grandsons conquered further

Collapse of Abbasid Caliphate

1258 - Sacked Baghdad, destroying the House of Wisdom, libraries, and mosquesCaliph executed, population massacred, city left in ruinsDecades later it again became a center of trade and culture

Slide5

Mongol Empire

Divided lands into four Khanates that were all loyal to the Great Khan

Chagatai Khanate in Central Steppe

Ilkhanate

in Persia all the way to the Indus Valley

Khanate of the Golden Horde in the Western Steppe including RussiaGreat Khanate/Yuan Dynasty in the Eastern Steppe and China

Slide6

Slide7

Limits on Expansion

Lands with unfamiliar geography or heavy fortifications could not easily be conquered with Mongol cavalry and would require building a new army with new techniques and technologies

Attempted conquests of Central Europe and

Mamluk

Egypt both failed because the death of the Great Khan required the leaders to return to Mongol homeland which left them weakenedConquest of Song China successful only with the help of Chinese engineers and advisors who helped Kublai Khan develop a new army

Slide8

Slide9

Common Themes in Mongol Rule

Brutal and violent as conquerors, but tolerant as rulers

As conquerors, cruel. As rulers, cool.

As conquerors, they kill, and rulers, they chill.

Slide10

Common Themes in Mongol Rule

Khans adopted local cultural norms

Ruled in the style of settled rulers (except Chagatai)

Often allowed local leaders to stay in power if they acknowledge Mongol authority

Used experts from settled population as administrators and advisorsMoved experts around different parts of Empire where skills neededOver time, converted to local religions (all Islam except Yuan, which was Buddhist)

Tolerant of all religions because it was easier to rule

Slide11

Pax

Mongolica

Period of relative peace in the lands of Mongol rule

Safety and organization increases trade along the Silk RoadAlong with trade, new ideas and technologies spread, especially between China and the Middle EastGunpowder, paper, block printing, and paper money came from China

Math, medicine, astronomy came from the Middle EastIncreased geographic knowledge meant Mongols had the most accurate maps in the world

Slide12

Kublai

Khan

Slide13

Slide14

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Slide19

Slide20

Slide21

Marco Polo in Yuan China

Working as groups, read and annotate the documents and then discuss and answer the questions