Nunc Agenda Read the question on your notes sheet and write a paragraph explaining your response Yelü Chucai was Confucian scholar who worked for the Jin Dynasty of China though he was from the nomadic ID: 810727
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Slide1
Quaestio
:
Were the Mongols successful as rulers?
Nunc
Agenda
:
Read the question on your notes sheet and write a paragraph explaining your response.
Slide2Yelü
Chucai
was Confucian scholar who worked for the Jin Dynasty of China, though he was from the nomadic
Khitan
tribe, a neighbor of the Mongols. When the Mongols conquered Northern China, he became a top advisor to Genghis Khan and to the next Great Khan, his son
Ögedei
. He is said to have once told
Ögedei
Khan,
“You can conquer an empire on horseback, but you cannot rule it on horseback.”
What do you think he meant by this statement? How does it relate to the development of the Mongol Empire? Write a paragraph below explaining your answer.
Slide3Slide4Expanding the Empire
Under the leadership of Genghis Khan, the Mongols conquered the majority of the Eurasian Steppe
After death of Genghis, his sons and grandsons conquered further
Collapse of Abbasid Caliphate
1258 - Sacked Baghdad, destroying the House of Wisdom, libraries, and mosquesCaliph executed, population massacred, city left in ruinsDecades later it again became a center of trade and culture
Slide5Mongol Empire
Divided lands into four Khanates that were all loyal to the Great Khan
Chagatai Khanate in Central Steppe
Ilkhanate
in Persia all the way to the Indus Valley
Khanate of the Golden Horde in the Western Steppe including RussiaGreat Khanate/Yuan Dynasty in the Eastern Steppe and China
Slide6Slide7Limits on Expansion
Lands with unfamiliar geography or heavy fortifications could not easily be conquered with Mongol cavalry and would require building a new army with new techniques and technologies
Attempted conquests of Central Europe and
Mamluk
Egypt both failed because the death of the Great Khan required the leaders to return to Mongol homeland which left them weakenedConquest of Song China successful only with the help of Chinese engineers and advisors who helped Kublai Khan develop a new army
Slide8Slide9Common Themes in Mongol Rule
Brutal and violent as conquerors, but tolerant as rulers
As conquerors, cruel. As rulers, cool.
As conquerors, they kill, and rulers, they chill.
Slide10Common Themes in Mongol Rule
Khans adopted local cultural norms
Ruled in the style of settled rulers (except Chagatai)
Often allowed local leaders to stay in power if they acknowledge Mongol authority
Used experts from settled population as administrators and advisorsMoved experts around different parts of Empire where skills neededOver time, converted to local religions (all Islam except Yuan, which was Buddhist)
Tolerant of all religions because it was easier to rule
Slide11Pax
Mongolica
Period of relative peace in the lands of Mongol rule
Safety and organization increases trade along the Silk RoadAlong with trade, new ideas and technologies spread, especially between China and the Middle EastGunpowder, paper, block printing, and paper money came from China
Math, medicine, astronomy came from the Middle EastIncreased geographic knowledge meant Mongols had the most accurate maps in the world
Slide12Kublai
Khan
Slide13Slide14Slide15Slide16Slide17Slide18Slide19Slide20Slide21Marco Polo in Yuan China
Working as groups, read and annotate the documents and then discuss and answer the questions