Global History Spiconardi Origins of the Mongols Origins of the Mongols Geography Steppes grasslands that are not easily cultivated Extreme Temperature Range Winters could reach 57 ºF ID: 688397
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Slide1
The Mongols & Chinggis Khan
Global History: SpiconardiSlide2
Origins of the MongolsSlide3
Origins of the Mongols
GeographySteppes
grasslands that are not easily cultivated
Extreme Temperature Range
Winters could reach
-57
ºF Summer could reach 96ºF
What is missing from these landscapes?Slide4
Origins of the Mongols
Social Organization
Nomadic Pastoralists
herded domesticated animals
Clans
group of people from a common ancestor
Mongols could not marry within the same clan
Mongols had no written language or agriculture
Mongols lived in yurts
If this is the case, then technically the Mongols don’t meet the criteria of a what?Slide5
Origins of the Mongols
Mongols would carry their possessions in these yurts as they wandered in search of pastures and resourcesSlide6
Recap Questions
Describe the geography of Mongolia.How was Mongol society organized?
What type of existence did Mongols live?Slide7
Chinggis Khan
“Man’s greatest good fortune is to chase and defeat his enemy, seize his total possessions, leave his married women weeping and wailing, ride his horse, use the bodies of his women as a nightshirt and support…”
Read this quote attributed to the Great Khan. What do we know about him based on this quote?Slide8
Chinggis Khan
Early Influences
Assassination of father by a tribe called the Tartars via poison
Harsh conditions of Central Asian Steppes
Constant tribal warfare
Hardened Chinggis and made him tough
Mother’s arrow story inspired Chinggis to unite MongolsSlide9
Conquests
…In the period from 1180–1220, Mongolia experienced a drop in the mean annual
temperature, which
meant that the growing season for grass was cut short. Less grass meant a real danger
to
the Mongols’ animals, and, since the animals were truly the basis of the
Mongols’ pastoral-nomadic life, this ecological threat may have prompted them to move out of Mongolia.A second reason often mentioned is the attempt by Mongolia’s neighbors in north and
northwest China to reduce the amount of trade with the Mongols. Since the Mongols depended on trade for goods that they desperately needed—such as grain, craft, and manufactured articles—cessation
[halting] of trade, or at least the diminution [reduction] of trade, could have been catastrophic for them…Unable to obtain goods that they so desperately needed
, the Mongols’ response was to initiate raids, attacks, and finally invasions against these two dynasties.…Source: “The Mongols in World History,” Asian Topics in World History online, Columbia University (adapted)
According to this excerpt from “The Mongols in World History,” what are two reasons the Mongols
began conquering new lands?Slide10
Chinggis Khan’s ConquestsSlide11
Mongol Army
… The Mongols had developed a
composite bow
made out of sinew and horn and
were skilled
at shooting it while riding, which
gave them
the upper hand against ordinary foot soldiers. With a range of more than 350 yards, the bow was superior to the
contemporaneous [co-existing] English longbow, whose range was only 250 yards. …a sturdy stirrup enabled horsemen to be steadier and
thus more accurate in shooting when mounted. A Chinese chronicler recognized the horse’s value to the Mongols, observing
that “by nature they [the Mongols] are good at riding and shooting. Therefore they took possession of the world through this advantageof bow and horse.”…
Source: Morris
Rossabi
, “All the Khan’s Horses
,” Natural
History, October 1994
What are two military inventions that aided in the Mongol conquests? How did those inventions assist in conquests?Slide12
Mongol Army
Excellent horseman
Since
food was scarce
warriors drank blood of horse to sustain himself
Silk under armor prevented deep arrowhead wounds Slide13
Mongol Army
Military Tricks
Dummy army
False retreats
additional forces attack by surprise
Weapons
Fold-away catapult
Siege towersGun-powder charges
Army could travel 70 miles a daySlide14
Chinggis Khan’s LegacySlide15
Chinggis Khan’s Legacy
Unites Mongol people
Organized vast empire into 4 regions called Khanates
Perhaps the two most important contribution were:
Isolation of Russia
Cuts off Russia from advancements of Western Europe during the Renaissance
Created the largest contiguous land empire everSlide16
Death
Chinggis Khan dies in 1227 C.E., but his death is shrouded in uncertainty
Thrown from horses?
Pneumonia?
Died from wounds by a
Tangut
princess in self defense from rape?Territory divided among sonsOgedai is elected universal khanSlide17
Identify:
3
Mongol military tactics
2
ways in which the Mongol Landscape was harsh
1
group that Chinggis khan conquered
3…2…1