Describe and locate the Mongol conquest of China including Genghis Khan Kublai Khan Mongol Expansion A Mongols collection of nomadic tribes from Central Asia 1 Invaded amp became 1st nonChinese group to rule China mid 1200s ID: 760603
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Slide1
The Mongols in China7.24 – Describe and locate the Mongol conquest of China including Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan.
Mongol Expansion
A. Mongols - collection of nomadic tribes from Central Asia1. Invaded & became 1st non-Chinese group to rule China, mid- 1200s2. Organized in family clans and followed herds on grassy plains of C. Asia called steppes3. Mongols were excellent horsemen4. Fought on horseback a. attacked with bows & arrows from distance b. fought with swords & spears closeB. In 1206, Mongol clans elected warrior named Temujin to lead & unite tribes1. Temujin given title Genghis Khan (“strong ruler”)2. Conquered tribes on the steppes, recruited new warriors3. In 1211 (during the Jin Dynasty), invaded N. China, captured Beijing, took control of Silk Road4. Under Genghis Khan, Mongols used terror tactics a. terror - cruel tactics to cause fear b. looted & burned cities, slaughtered & tortured women & children c. many groups surrendered without a fight C. In 1227, Genghis Khan died, empire divided to his sons1. Mongol conquests continued into E. & C. Europe, Persia2. Took Baghdad, Syria, Palestine; held back at EgyptD. Mongol Empire was largest land empire in history1. Became wealthy taxing goods on trade routes2. Gained gunpowder from the Chinese
II. Conquests of ChinaA. Kublai Khan was the grandson of Genghis Khan1. Initially he was the ruler of a small area of Northern China2. When his brother became Khan of Mongolia he promoted Kublai to the ruler of all of Northern China3. He did such a good job of ruling that his brother asked him to attack and conquer southern China and the Song DynastyB. War for title of Great Khan1. For four years Kublai and his brother Ariq fought for the title of Great KhanC. In 1260, Genghis Khan’s grandson, Kublai Khan becomes Mongol ruler1. Completed conquest of China, using catapults2. Declared self emperor, ended Song Dynasty, in 1271 founded Yuan Dynasty (“yuan” means “beginning”)3. Took five more years to completely conquer the Song Dynasty, by 1276 all of China was united under one ruleD. Mongols in China practiced Buddhism1. Kublai Khan encouraged all faiths in empire to practice freelyE. Combined many aspects of Mongol and Chinese administration1. Used Chinese leaders to help run government2. Capital set up in Dadu (now Beijing)
Mongol Trading Empire
A. Kublai Khan expanded sea trade with Korean-built ships
1. Mongols allowed Korean leaders to remain in control
2. Mongols tried two times to invade Japan & failed
B. Built up infrastructure by building road, canals, establishing trade routes, and bringing in new ideas from foreign countries
C. Social Classes
-Mongols
-Non-Chinese
-Northern Chinese
-Southern
Chinese
Slide2The Mongols in China7.24 – Describe and locate the Mongol conquest of China including Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan.
Marco
Polo
Marco Polo - Italian explorer & merchant
1. Marco
Polo’s father and uncle decided to travel the entire Silk Road directly to China – It took them 9 years
2. Marco
left for his first trip to China at 17 years old – His father and uncle were returning to see Kublai Khan – It took him 3 years to get from Italy to China
3. He
lived in China for many years
4. Fascinated
Kublai Khan with stories of his travels and traveled throughout China as a messenger and spy for Kublai Khan
5. He
was fascinated by the many different cultures and experiences in China – it was nothing like he had ever seen before.
Upon
returning to Italy his stories were eventually turned into a book by writer
Rustichello
Slide3The Mongols in China
It Matters Because:
In the 1200s, Mongols led by Genghis Khan conquered northern China & regions to the west, creating the world’s largest land empire.
Slide4Objectives and Standards
I can evaluate why the Mongol empire was successful in so many conquests.
SPI: Describe and locate the Mongol conquest of China including Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan.
Slide5I. Mongol Expansion
A.
Mongols
- collection of nomadic tribes from Central Asia
1. Invaded & became 1
st
non-Chinese group to rule China, mid- 1200s
2. Organized in family clans and followed herds on grassy plains of C. Asia called
steppes
3. Mongols were excellent horsemen
4. Fought on
horseback
a. attacked with bows & arrows from distance
b. fought with swords & spears close
Slide6B. In 1206, Mongol clans elected warrior named Temujin to lead & unite tribes1. Temujin given title Genghis Khan (“strong ruler”)2. Conquered tribes on the steppes, recruited new warriors3. In 1211 (during the Jin Dynasty), invaded N. China, captured Beijing, took control of Silk Road4. Under Genghis Khan, Mongols used terror tactics a. terror - cruel tactics to cause fear b. looted & burned cities, slaughtered & tortured women & children c. many groups surrendered without a fight
I. Mongol Expansion
Slide7C. In 1227, Genghis Khan died, empire divided to his sons1. Mongol conquests continued into E. & C. Europe, Persia2. Took Baghdad, Syria, Palestine; held back at EgyptD. Mongol Empire was largest land empire in history1. Became wealthy taxing goods on trade routes2. Gained gunpowder from the Chinese
I. Mongol Expansion
Slide8A. Kublai Khan was the grandson of Genghis KhanInitially he was the ruler of a small area of Northern ChinaWhen his brother became Khan of Mongolia he promoted Kublai to the ruler of all of Northern ChinaHe did such a good job of ruling that his brother asked him to attack and conquer southern China and the Song DynastyB. War for title of Great KhanFor four years Kublai and his brother Ariq fought for the title of Great Khan
II. Conquest of China
Slide9II. Conquest of China
C. In 1260, Genghis Khan’s grandson, Kublai Khan becomes
Mongol
ruler
1. Completed conquest of China, using
catapults
2. Declared self emperor, ended Song Dynasty, in
1271
founded Yuan Dynasty (“yuan” means “beginning”)
3. Took
five
more years to completely conquer the Song Dynasty, by
1276
all of China was united under one rule
D. Mongols in China practiced
Buddhism
Kublai
Khan encouraged all faiths in empire to practice
freely
E
. Combined many aspects of Mongol and Chinese administration
1. Used
Chinese
leaders to help run government
2. Capital set up in
Dadu
(now Beijing)
Slide10III. Mongol Trading Empire
A
. Kublai Khan expanded
sea trade
with Korean-built ships
1. Mongols allowed Korean leaders to remain in control
2. Mongols tried two times to invade Japan & failed
B
. Built up i
nfrastructure
by building road, canals, establishing trade routes, and bringing in new ideas from foreign countries
C
.
Social Classes
-Mongols
-Non-Chinese
-Northern Chinese
-Southern Chinese
Slide11IV. Marco Polo
Marco Polo
- Italian explorer & merchant
Marco Polo’s father and uncle decided to travel the entire Silk Road directly to China – It took them 9 years
Marco left for his first trip to China at
17 years old
– His father and uncle were returning to see Kublai Khan – It took him 3 years to get from Italy to China
He lived in China for many years
Fascinated Kublai Khan with stories of his travels and traveled throughout China as a
messenger and spy
for Kublai Khan
He was fascinated by the many different cultures and experiences in China – it was nothing like he had ever seen before.
Upon returning to
Italy
his stories were eventually turned into a book by writer
Rustichello