Background 12061227 Reign of Chinggis Khan 12111234 Conquest of northern China 12191221 Conquest of Persia 12371241 Conquest of Russia 1258 Capture of Baghdad ID: 660553
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Slide1
The Mongols
Background and effectsSlide2
Background
1206-1227
Reign of Chinggis Khan
1211-1234 Conquest of northern China1219-1221 Conquest of Persia1237-1241 Conquest of Russia1258 Capture of Baghdad1264-1279 Conquest of southern China
Chronology of the Mongol EmpireSlide3
Mongolian Conquests
First Period - 1206Slide4
Mongolian Conquests
Second Period 1206 - 1219Slide5
Mongolian Conquests
Third Period 1219 - 1223Slide6
Mongolian Conquests
Fourth Period 1223 – 1227Death of
Chinggis
KhanSlide7
Mongolian Conquests
Fifth Period 1227 - 1237Slide8
Mongolian Conquests
Sixth Period 1237 - 1259Slide9
The Mongols and the Eurasian Empire
Built ??? Stretching from ??? To ???13.8 million square miles
??? People under Mongol ruleSlide10
The Mongol Empire at its heightSlide11
Who were the Mongols?
From ???Nomadic peoples
United under ???? (or Chinggis Khan)
“Courage Culture” – WHAT IS THIS?Slide12
Steppe
Inner Eurasia
Outer EurasiaSlide13
The Steppe
How would you characterize this region? Slide14
Temujin
Born ???
Fatherless
Master of ????
Courage in battle, making ???, threats of ???, deception, trickery, and clan ???Slide15
Temujin
Warlike and merciless
Fighting wasn’t enough – only winning was important
1206 CE – made “Chinggis Khan” or ???
“Man’s greatest joy is in victory: to conquer one’s enemies, to pursue them, to deprive them of their possessions, to make their beloved weep, to ride on their horses, and to embrace their wives and daughters…”Slide16
Mongol Art of War
Large, mobile ???Expert ???
Use of ???
All soldiers ???
Battle tactics – used ???A “ger” or “yurt”Slide17
Mongol Art of War
“Cutting Edge Weapons”
Accurate and powerful ???
Highly protective ???
Use of ???Slide18
Psychological Warfare
Mongols would slaughter the inhabitants of a few cities. WHY???
Historian John Fairbank:
“By putting cities to the sword, they let terror run ahead of them.”
A Persian Observer from the 13th century:“In one stroke, a world which billowed with fertility was laid desolate, and the regions thereof became a desert, and the greater part of the living and their skin and bones crumbling in the dust; and the mighty were humbled and immersed in the calamities of perdition…”Slide19
Background
After the death of Chinggis Khan, problems with??? Led to ???Slide20
Effects of Mongol Rule
Effects on Eurasia
Pax Mongolia
– under the Mongols there was:
Unprecedented ???Widespread exchange of ???Widespread ??? Mongols were ???Stable government based on ??Establishment of ??? (Yasa)Religious ??? Slide21
Mongol Effects on Eurasia
Black PlagueMongols used ??? As ??? At the Battle of Kalla
Spread disease to Western Europe
How???Slide22
BUT the Mongols did not produce:
Any technological breakthroughs
A new religion
Many written books
Any permanent structures (other than bridges)Any architectural achievementsSlide23
Mongol Effects on Europe
Western Europe
Mongols turned away from ??? Which means ???
W.E. gains due to ???
Strong relationship between ??? Led to???Increased trade (Where?) led to spread of ???Slide24
Mongol Effects on Europe
Eastern Europe
Mongols defeated ??? Because ???
Eastern Europe was ??? So…???Slide25
Mongol Effects on Europe
Russia
Mongol defeat of ??? In 1224 puts Russian people under Mongol rule
Most cities ???, rest had to ???
Local Russian rulers were ???Few ??? In Russia. WHY???Slide26
Mongol Effects on Europe
Rise of Muscovy (Moscow)
Mongol destruction of ??? Leads to ???
Moscow becomes ???
Ivan III defeats the Mongols in 1480, Mongol rule over Russia endsMongol rule limited ??? Leads to:??????Slide27
Mongol Effects on Japan and Korea
Mongols fail to conquer Japan
Tried to ???
Mongol rule – little to no effect on Japan
Korea – Mongols defeated the Koryo dynastyEconomy and ??? Suffered. WHY??Ruling family ??? But Mongols ???Slide28
Mongol Effects on SE Asia
Mongols conquered ??? And Laos but ???
Failed to conquer Vietnam – WHY???
Mongols encouraged Chinese merchants to ??? – WHY???
Vietnam defeats MongolsSlide29
Mongol Effects on SW Asia
Muslim societies of SW Asia had ???Baghdad ?? And Abbasid Empire ???
Mongols controlled Islamic world from ??? To ???
What ISLAMIC areas remained outside of Mongol control?
Mongol rule allowed ??? Culture after ??? Slide30
Mongol Effects on China
Mongols defeat ??? And establish the Yuan Dynasty
Abolished ??? WHY???
But continued ???
Promoted trade and commerce – Led to ???Encouraged the movement of ???Supported ??? How??But….????Slide31
Cultural Effects of the Yuan Dynasty
Protected Mongol identity
Forbidding Mongols to ???
Chinese were forbidden ???
Mongols did not accept ???Opted instead to ??? – Led to??Religious toleration encouragedSlide32
Social Effects of the Yuan Dynasty
New Social Hierarchy – based on ???, put ??? At the bottom
Han Chinese were ???
But….???
Women – were expected to ???, rejected ???But….???Slide33
Kublai Khan
Grandson of ???
Well-educated
Preferred ??? – Not ???
Extends ??? To BeijingWanted to appear more ???Chinese and foreign advisors – like ???In private ???How does this look sinicized?Marco Polo en route to ChinaSlide34
Fall of the Yuan Dynasty
Shortest-lived of the major Chinese Dynasties (1264CE to 1368 CE)
Decline caused by:
Series of weak rulers
Lack of cohesion due to ???Chinese never ???High ??????Slide35
Fall of the Yuan Dynasty
Overthrown by Zhu Yuanzhang (When???)
Buddhist monk
Establishes ???