Jelgava 16022016 The REAL BaltiC Sea the result eutrophication The problem pollution N and P runoff to Baltic Sea Algae in full ID: 1014956
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1. Accumulated Experience in Various Projects About Manure Management Practices and Technologies In Latvia Jelgava 16.02.2016.
2. The REAL BaltiC Sea...the result - eutrophicationThe problem - pollution...
3. N and P runoff to Baltic SeaAlgae in full bloom
4. Oxygen content in Baltic Sea bottom earlierSource: Jacob Carstensen, Jesper H. Andersen, Bo G. Gustafsson, and Daniel J. Conley. "Deoxygenation of the Baltic Sea during the last century." PNAS. Published online before print: 31-March-2014. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1323156111 The youngest sea on Planet, one of the largest water body with less salinity7 of 10 world’s largest dead bottom zones are located in Baltic Sea
5. Oxygen content in Baltic Sea bottom nowadaysDuring the last 100 years water temperature at the bottom of the sea has raised by 2 degrees Celsius. Two problems: oxygen disolves in water less intense;higher temperature stimulates the activity of bacteria and their qxygen consumption .Source: Jacob Carstensen, Jesper H. Andersen, Bo G. Gustafsson, and Daniel J. Conley. "Deoxygenation of the Baltic Sea during the last century." PNAS. Published online before print: 31-March-2014. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1323156111
6. Baltic Sea catchment area
7. Intensity of N and P pollution, 2010NP
8. Pollution of NSource: Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings No. 141. Review of the Fifth Baltic Sea Pollution Load Compilation for the 2013 HELCOM Ministerial Meeting
9. Pollution of PSource: Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings No. 141. Review of the Fifth Baltic Sea Pollution Load Compilation for the 2013 HELCOM Ministerial Meeting
10. Photo: Andreas Gursky “Rhine II”
11. Slurry ???Different N losses (in house/ storage/ application)Transportation to the field – heavy tanker or pipesDifferent methods of application (deflector plate, trailing hoses, heavy duty injector)Acidification/ P separation/ mixedBacteria (liquid/ solid)
12. Ready for the plants, of course!
13. From storage to fieldVery heavy tanker and five axles?On public roads – damage and safety?What about soil compaction on the field?And capacity? Not very fast
14. The second possibility – umbillical systemNot habmful for the road and fieldMore effective - fasterNo need for heavy tanker, just pump and pipesLimit of 2,5km... Or extra pumps and storages
15. System No.3, well... not manure hopefully...
16. Manure spreadingThe new ones chop the stuff and give almost perfect distributionThe old... bacteria will definetely helpPloughing in after spreading – no doubt
17. Complete misery – deflector plate...In spite of all – the most popular in LatviaEnormous N loss (up to 60%), uneven and inaccurate distributionSmell !!!Problems with use of grass (at least 6 weeks)But cheap hardware...
18. Not really better Swing arm principleDistribution is even worse
19. We can do better!Here we go – trailing hosesDistributor and chopper insideExcellent distribution and exact dosage, no blockagesPerfect in growing cropMinimal N lossComparably expensive
20. Coming closer...Trailing hoses with coultersIdeal distribution and exact dosage, no blockagesLess N emissions than ordinaru trailing hosesNeed for little more powerWe have wearing parts on this one
21. And the winner is...Injector mounted on a cultivation toolExcellent distribution and exact dosage, no blockagesAlmost no N loss during applicationNeed for more power to cut the soilMore wearing parts, the most expensiveMore difficult to manoeuvre
22.
23. Alternatives to save NAcidification using sulphuric acid (0,5...3 litres per ton)50% reduction of ammonia emissions (comparing to untreated slurry)Possibility to add different components into applicationPossibility to use the system more efficient – separation of P from slurry (crystallisation)
24. Treating slurry/ manureLess risk of N runoff and emissionsBetter plant uptakeEasier to spread – more homogeneousAlmost no smellReduction of volume by third (manure), faster process
25. If we take, we have to give back!Input ~ Output
26. To roll upThe state of our Sea is bad, but:We have the knowledge to treat it back60% reduction of ammonia emissions is realistic during the spreadingThe choice of proper application system is not the only solution to reduce N loss during applicationThere is a room for improvement to use manure more efficient and plant/environment friendlyCheaper machinery doesn’t equal more sustainable farming
27. There’s always sun behaind the clouds
28. Was great to have you here, thanks!Jānis KažotnieksHead of Department of EngineeringLatvian Rural Advisory and Training CentreGSM: +371 26 66 06 76e-mail: janis.kazotnieks@llkc.lvskype: janis.kazotnieks