A LECTURE NOTE Introduction to Programming
Description: A LECTURE NOTE Introduction to Programming languages Machine Language Low-Level Language High-Level Language Data Representation Numbering Systems Binary Numbering Systems Octal Numbering Systems Decimal Numbering Systems Hexadecimal
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slide1. A LECTURE NOTE<br>
slide2. Introduction to Programming languages<br>
slide3. Machine Language<br>
slide4. Low-Level Language<br>
slide5. High-Level Language<br>
slide6. Data Representation & Numbering Systems<br>
slide7. Binary Numbering Systems<br>
slide8. Octal Numbering Systems<br>
slide9. Decimal Numbering Systems<br>
slide10. Hexadecimal Numbering Systems<br>
slide11. Types of encoding<br>
slide12. American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)<br>
slide13. Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)<br>
slide14. Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC)<br>
slide15. Mode of data representation<br>
slide16. Integer Representation<br>
slide17. Floating Point Representation<br>
slide18. Computer instruction set<br>
slide19. Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC)<br>
slide20. Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC)<br>
slide22. SECTION TWO<br>
slide23. Registers<br>
slide24. General Purpose Registers<br>
slide25. Segment Registers<br>
slide26. Special Purpose Registers<br>
slide27. Machine Language<br>
slide28. Low Level Language<br>
slide29. High level Language<br>
slide30. MACHINE LANGUAGE<br>
slide31. It uses computer storage more efficiently<br>
slide32. It takes less time to process in a computer than any other programming language<br>
slide33. It is time consuming<br>
slide34. It is very tedious to write<br>
slide35. It is subject to human error<br>
slide36. It is expensive in program preparation and debugging stages<br>
slide37. LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE<br>
slide38. An assembly language is a low-level language for programming computers. It implements a symbolic representation of the numeric machine codes and other constants needed to program a particular CPU architecture. This representation is usually defined by the hardware manufacturer, and is based on abbreviations (called mnemonics) that help the programmer remember individual instructions, registers, etc. An assembly language is thus specific to a certain physical or virtual computer architecture (as opposed to most high-level languages, which are usually portable).<br>
slide39. A utility program called an assembler is used to translate assembly language statements into the target computer's machine code. The assembler performs a more or less isomorphic translation (a one-to-one mapping) from mnemonic statements into machine instructions and data. (This is in contrast with high-level languages, in which a single statement generally results in many machine instructions.)<br>
slide40. Today, assembly language is used primarily for direct hardware manipulation, access to specialized processor instructions, or to address critical performance issues. The following section of an assembly language program also adds overtime to base pay and stores the result in gross pay:<br>
slide41. Load basepay<br>
slide42. Add overpay<br>
slide43. Store grosspay<br>
slide44. It is more efficient than machine language<br>
slide45. Symbols make it easier to use than machine language<br>
slide46. It may be useful for security reasons<br>
slide47. It is defined for a particular processor<br>
slide48. Assemblers are difficult to get<br>
slide49. Although, low level language codes are clearer to humans, they are incomprehensible to computers until they are translated to machine language.<br>
slide50. Compilers are easy to get<br>
slide51. It is easier to use than any other programming language<br>
slide52. It is easier to understand compared to any other programming language<br>
slide53. It takes more time to process in a computer than any other programming language<br>
slide54. THE BINARY NUMBERING SYSTEM<br>
slide2. Introduction to Programming languages<br>
slide3. Machine Language<br>
slide4. Low-Level Language<br>
slide5. High-Level Language<br>
slide6. Data Representation & Numbering Systems<br>
slide7. Binary Numbering Systems<br>
slide8. Octal Numbering Systems<br>
slide9. Decimal Numbering Systems<br>
slide10. Hexadecimal Numbering Systems<br>
slide11. Types of encoding<br>
slide12. American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)<br>
slide13. Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)<br>
slide14. Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC)<br>
slide15. Mode of data representation<br>
slide16. Integer Representation<br>
slide17. Floating Point Representation<br>
slide18. Computer instruction set<br>
slide19. Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC)<br>
slide20. Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC)<br>
slide22. SECTION TWO<br>
slide23. Registers<br>
slide24. General Purpose Registers<br>
slide25. Segment Registers<br>
slide26. Special Purpose Registers<br>
slide27. Machine Language<br>
slide28. Low Level Language<br>
slide29. High level Language<br>
slide30. MACHINE LANGUAGE<br>
slide31. It uses computer storage more efficiently<br>
slide32. It takes less time to process in a computer than any other programming language<br>
slide33. It is time consuming<br>
slide34. It is very tedious to write<br>
slide35. It is subject to human error<br>
slide36. It is expensive in program preparation and debugging stages<br>
slide37. LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE<br>
slide38. An assembly language is a low-level language for programming computers. It implements a symbolic representation of the numeric machine codes and other constants needed to program a particular CPU architecture. This representation is usually defined by the hardware manufacturer, and is based on abbreviations (called mnemonics) that help the programmer remember individual instructions, registers, etc. An assembly language is thus specific to a certain physical or virtual computer architecture (as opposed to most high-level languages, which are usually portable).<br>
slide39. A utility program called an assembler is used to translate assembly language statements into the target computer's machine code. The assembler performs a more or less isomorphic translation (a one-to-one mapping) from mnemonic statements into machine instructions and data. (This is in contrast with high-level languages, in which a single statement generally results in many machine instructions.)<br>
slide40. Today, assembly language is used primarily for direct hardware manipulation, access to specialized processor instructions, or to address critical performance issues. The following section of an assembly language program also adds overtime to base pay and stores the result in gross pay:<br>
slide41. Load basepay<br>
slide42. Add overpay<br>
slide43. Store grosspay<br>
slide44. It is more efficient than machine language<br>
slide45. Symbols make it easier to use than machine language<br>
slide46. It may be useful for security reasons<br>
slide47. It is defined for a particular processor<br>
slide48. Assemblers are difficult to get<br>
slide49. Although, low level language codes are clearer to humans, they are incomprehensible to computers until they are translated to machine language.<br>
slide50. Compilers are easy to get<br>
slide51. It is easier to use than any other programming language<br>
slide52. It is easier to understand compared to any other programming language<br>
slide53. It takes more time to process in a computer than any other programming language<br>
slide54. THE BINARY NUMBERING SYSTEM<br>