04
CAUSES:
OBSTRUCTION
FOREIGN BODY; FOOD MASS
TONGUE FALLING BACK, AS IN UNCONSCIOUS PATIENT
SWELLING OF THROAT TISSUES DUE TO SCALDS (BOILING WATER) OR BURNS (CORROSIVE LIQUIDS)
SEA-WEEDS (AS IN CASE OF DROWNING)<br>
05
CAUSES:
COMPRESSION
STRANGULATION BY MEANS OF ROPE, SCARF, ETC.
THROTTLING (PRESSURE ON WIND-PIPE
BY FINGERS)
SMOTHERING<br>
06
CAUSES:
CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE RESPIRATORY
MECHANISM
DISEASES LIKE EPILEPSY; TETANUS; RABIES
NERVE DISEASES CAUSING PARALYSIS OF CHEST-WALL OR DIAPHRAGM
POISONOUS SNAKE BITE (COBRA)<br>
07
CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE RESPIRATORY CENTRE
DRUGS LIKE MORPHINE, BARBITURATES
ELECTRIC SHOCK
STROKE (CVA)
COMPRESSION OF THE CHEST
FALL OF HEAVY OBJECTS ONTO THE CHEST
CRUSHING AGAINST WALL/BARRIER OR IN A STAMPEDE
RARIFIED CONDITIONS
LACK OF OXYGEN AT HIGH ALTITUDES
SUFFOCATION DUE TO SMOKE<br>
08
SYMPTOMS & SIGNS:
RESTLESSNESS
RATE OF BREATHING INCREASES
SHORTER BREATHS
SWOLLEN NECK VEINS
BLUISH TINGE TO FACE, LIPS, NAILS, FINGERS, TOES
FAST & FEEBLE PULSE<br>
09
MANAGEMENT:
REMOVE CAUSE, IF POSSIBLE OR REMOVE CASUALTY
LOOSEN TIGHT CLOTHING
RESUSCITATION
OPEN AIR-WAY
HEAD-TILT CHIN-LIFT METHOD
JAW THRUST METHOD<br>
10
MANAGEMENT:
CHECK BREATHING
CLEAR AIR-WAY
ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION
EXTERNAL CARDIAC COMPRESSION
Recovery position:<br>
11
SPECIAL SITUATIONS OF ASPHYXIA:
I ] DROWNING:
CAUSES ASPHYXIA BY THE ENTRANCE OF WATER, WEEDS OR MUD INTO THE AIR PASSAGES OR BY CAUSING SPASM OF THE AIR PASSAGES (DRY DROWNING).
SYMPTOMS & SIGNS:
GENERAL SYMPTOMS & SIGNS OF ASPHYXIA
FROTH AROUND CASUALTY’S MOUTH & NOSTRILS<br>
12
I ] DROWNING: MANAGEMENT:
REMOVE OBSTRUCTIONS LIKE WEEDS, MUD
START ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION IMMEDIATELY (EVEN WHEN IN WATER)
CHECK BREATHING & PULSE AFTER PLACING ON FIRM SURFACE
CONTINUE RESUSCITATION
AS SOON AS CASUALTY STARTS BREATHING, PLACE IN RECOVERY POSITION<br>
13
KEEP HIM WARM. IF POSSIBLE, REMOVE WET CLOTHING
IF NECESSARY, TREAT FOR HYPOTHERMIA
ARRANGE REMOVAL TO HOSPITAL
STRANGULATION:
CAUSES ASPHYXIA BY COMPRESSION OF AIR-PASSAGES. USUALLY AS A RESULT OF A ROPE OF SCARF TIED AROUND THE NECK.
SYMPTOMS & SIGNS:
GENERAL SYMPTOMS & SIGNS OF ASPHYXIA
PRESENCE OF CONSTRICTING BAND
SWELLING OF FACE & NECK ABOVE THE CONSTRICTING BAND<br>
14
MANAGEMENT:
CUT OR REMOVE THE BAND CONSTRICTING THE THROAT
IF SUSPENDED, RAISE THE BODY AND LOOSEN OR CUT THE ROPE
GIVE ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION
DO NOT WAIT FOR THE POLICE, OTHERWISE A LIFE WHICH COULD HAVE BEEN SAVED WOULD BE LOST<br>
15
CHOKING:
CAUSED DUE TO OBSTRUCTION IN THE WIND-PIPE. COMMON IN CHILDREN DUE TO ACCIDENTAL INHALATION OF SEEDS, MARBLES, ETC. IN ADULTS, THE MOST COMMON CAUSE IS FOOD GOING DOWN THE WRONG WAY.<br>
16
CHOKING:
MANAGEMENT IN CASE OF ADULTS:
STANDING PATIENT
STAND BEHIND THE VICTIM & WRAP YOUR ARMS AROUND HIS WAIST
GRASP YOUR FIST WITH THE OTHER HAND
PLACE YOUR FIST AGAINST THE ABDOMEN, BETWEEN THE NAVEL & THE RIB CAGE
PRESS YOUR FIST INTO THE VICTIM’S ABDOMEN WITH A QUICK UPWARD THRUST
REPEAT, IF NOT SUCCESSFUL IN DISLODGING FOREIGN BODY<br>
17
LYING PATIENT
TURN THE VICTIM INTO THE SUPINE POSITION
KNEEL ASTRIDE THE VICTIM, FACING HIM
WITH YOUR HANDSONE ON TOP OF ANOTHER, PLACE THE HEEL OF THE BOTTOM HAND OVER THE ABDOMEN BETWEEN THE NAVEL & THE RIBCAGE
PRESS INTO THE VICTIM’S ABDOMEN WITH A QUICK UPWARD THRUST
FOLLOWING THE EXPULSION OF THE FOREIGN BODY, IT MAY BE NECESSARY TO GIVE HIM ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION<br>
18
MANAGEMENT IN CASE OF INFANTS:
HOLD THE CHILD UPSIDE DOWN AND SMACK ITS BACK 3-4 TIMES. IF NOT SUCCESSFUL, LAY THE CHILD PRONE WITH THE HEAD HANGING DOWN OVER THE KNEE AND GIVE SHARP SMACKS BETWEEN THE SHOULDERS<br>
19
SWELLING OF THOAT DUE TO SCALDING OR BURNS:
CAUSED BY TRYING TO DRINK VERY HOT LIQUIDS, SWALLOWING CORROSIVE LIQUIDS OR DUE TO INFLAMMATION.
SYMPTOMS & SIGNS:
GENERAL SYMPTOMS & SIGNS OF ASPHYXIA
SEVERE BURNING PAIN INSIDE THROAT<br>
20
SWELLING OF THOAT DUE TO SCALDING OR BURNS:
MANAGEMENT:
MAKE THE PATIENT SIT UP
ICE TO SUCK OR COLD WATER TO SIP
BUTTER, OLIVE OIL OR PARAFFIN IN SMALL QUANTITY
APPLY CLOTH WRUNG OUT OF HOT WATER TO FRONT OF NECK
ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION, IF NECESSARY<br>
21
SUFFOCATION BY SMOKE:
FOR EXAMPLE, INSIDE BURNING HOUSES.
MANAGEMENT:
PROTECT YOURSELF BY A CLOTH (PREFERABLY WET) OVER YOUR MOUTH & NOSE
KEEP LOW & REMOVE CASUALTY FROM THE AREA AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE
INITIATE ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION<br>
22
ASTHMA:
CONDITION WHERE SUDDEN CONSTRICTION OF AIRWAY OCCURS, CAUSING DIFFICULTY IN BREATHING, ESPECIALLY EXHALING. ALLERGY, ANXIETY OR INFECTION CAN TRIGGER AN ATTACK.
MANAGEMENT:
REASSURE THE PATIENT
MAKE HIM SIT UP IN BED
ENSURE FRESH AIR BY OPENING WINDOWS
LOOSEN TIGHT CLOTHING<br>
