04
The root that means “cell” is
(a) spher
(b) aden
(c) cyt
(d) gen Pretest Pretest<br>
05
The root that means “cell” is
(a) spher
(b) aden
(c) cyt
(d) gen Pretest Pretest<br>
06
The process of body cell division is called
(a) separation
(b) segregation
(c) mitosis
(d) gestation Pretest Pretest<br>
07
The process of body cell division is called
(a) separation
(b) segregation
(c) mitosis
(d) gestation Pretest Pretest<br>
08
A compound that speeds the rate of a metabolic reaction is a(n)
(a) vitamin
(b) enzyme
(c) salt
(d) lipid Pretest Pretest<br>
09
A compound that speeds the rate of a metabolic reaction is a(n)
(a) vitamin
(b) enzyme
(c) salt
(d) lipid Pretest Pretest<br>
10
The substance that makes up the cell’s genetic material is
(a) DNA
(b) mineral
(c) base
(d) neurons Pretest Pretest<br>
11
The substance that makes up the cell’s genetic material is
(a) DNA
(b) mineral
(c) base
(d) neurons Pretest Pretest<br>
12
Chemicals: cells: tissues: __________: systems: organism. What belongs in the blank?
(a) genes
(b) enzymes
(c) nuclei
(d) organs Pretest Pretest<br>
13
Chemicals: cells: tissues: __________: systems: organism. What belongs in the blank?
(a) genes
(b) enzymes
(c) nuclei
(d) organs Pretest Pretest<br>
14
Pretest In humans, dorsal is another term for
(a) lateral
(b) central
(c) anterior
(d) posterior<br>
15
Pretest In humans, dorsal is another term for
(a) lateral
(b) central
(c) anterior
(d) posterior<br>
16
Pretest The root brachi/o refers to the
(a) head
(b) spinal cord
(c) leg
(d) arm<br>
17
Pretest The root brachi/o refers to the
(a) head
(b) spinal cord
(c) leg
(d) arm<br>
18
Pretest The prefix supra- means
(a) above
(b) near
(c) behind
(d) below<br>
19
Pretest The prefix supra- means
(a) above
(b) near
(c) behind
(d) below<br>
20
Roots for Cells and Tissues<br>
21
Roots for Cells and Tissues (cont.)<br>
22
Cell Basic unit of living organisms
Carries out metabolism
Energy provided in the form of the chemical ATP (adenosine triphosphate) Cohen B, Hull K. Memmler's The Human Body in Health and Disease. 14th ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2019.<br>
23
Organic Compounds Proteins
Enzymes
Hormones
Structural materials
Carbohydrates
Sugars (main energy source: glucose)
Starches
Lipids
Fats<br>
24
Nucleus Chromosomes
Carry genetic information
46 chromosomes in every cell (except sex cells)
Genes
Separate units of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
Control formation of enzymes (needed for metabolic reactions)<br>
25
Tissues Four basic types
Epithelial
Covers and protects body structures, lines organs, vessels, and cavities
Simple: Single layer, absorbs substances from one system to another
Stratified: multiple layers, protects deeper tissue
Connective
Supports and binds body structures<br>
26
Tissues (cont.) Muscle (root: my/o)
Contracts to produce movement
Three types: skeletal, cardiac, smooth/visceral
Nervous (root: neur/o)
Makes up brain, spinal cord, and nerves
Coordinates body responses by transmission of electrical impulses<br>
27
Membranes Simplest tissue
Mucous membranes: secrete mucus
Serous membranes: secrete watery fluid, line body cavities, and cover organs
Fibrous membranes: cover and support organs<br>
28
Organs and Organ Systems Organs
Composed of tissues
Grouped into systems
Systems
Have specific function
Work together, not independently
Goal of systems: homeostasis Cohen B, Hull K. Memmler's The Human Body in Health and Disease. 14th ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2019.<br>
29
Roots for Cell Activity<br>
30
Suffixes and Roots for Body Chemistry<br>
31
Suffixes and Roots for Body Chemistry (cont.)<br>
34
Zachary’s Case Study Check up on the terms found in the
case study from the text:
Identify and give the meaning of the root in the term “glucose.”
Define the terms:
histology
cytology Zachary’s Case Study<br>
35
Zachary’s Case Study Check up on the terms found in the
case study from the text:
Identify and give the meaning of the root in the term “glucose.” gluc = sugar
Define the terms:
histology = study of tissues
cytology = study of cells Zachary’s Case Study<br>
38
Enrichment Terms (cont.)<br>
39
Roots for Regions of Head and Trunk<br>
40
Roots for Extremities<br>
41
Directional Terms Anatomic Position
Beginning reference point
Body upright
Facing front
Arms at side, palms forward
Feet parallel Cohen B, Hull K. Memmler's The Human Body in Health and Disease. 14th ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2019.<br>
43
Planes of Section Frontal plane
Coronal plane.
Divides body into anterior, posterior parts.
Sagittal plane
Divides body into right, left portions.
If plane cuts midline, called midsagittal or medial plane.
Transverse plane
Divides body into superior, inferior parts.<br>
44
Planes of Section (cont.) Cohen B, Hull K. Memmler's The Human Body in Health and Disease. 14th ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2019.<br>
45
Body Cavities There are two major body cavities, dorsal and ventral, that contain a total of five body cavities:
Cranial
Spinal
Thoracic
Abdominal
Pelvic Abdominopelvic<br>
46
Side View of Body Cavities Cohen B, Hull K. Memmler's The Human Body in Health and Disease.
14th ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2019.<br>
47
Body Cavities Dorsal cavity contains:
Cranial cavity
Spinal cavity<br>
48
Body Cavities (cont.) Ventral cavity contains:
Thoracic cavity
Diaphragm
Separates thoracic and abdominal cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity
Abdominal cavity
Pelvic cavity
Peritoneum<br>
49
Abdominal Regions Imaginarily divided into nine regions.
Midline sections:
Epigastric = above stomach
Umbilical = umbilicus or navel
Hypogastric = below the stomach<br>
50
Abdominal Regions (cont.) Lateral sections:
Right and left hypochondriac
Positioned near ribs, specifically cartilages
Right and left lumbar
Positioned near small of back (lumbar region)
Right and left iliac
Named for upper bone of hip (ilium)
Also called inguinal region (referring to groin)<br>
51
Nine Regions of Abdomen Cohen B, Hull K. Memmler's The Human Body in Health and Disease.
14th ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2019.<br>
52
Quadrants of the Abdomen McConnell T, Hull K. Human Form, Human Function.
Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2011.<br>
53
Prefixes for Position and Direction<br>
54
Prefixes for Position and Direction (cont.)<br>
59
Post Test The main categories of organic compounds contained in cells are__________, __________, and __________.
The process of cell division is called _____________.
The study of cells is ____________.<br>
60
Post Test The main categories of organic compounds contained in cells are proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.
The process of cell division is called mitosis.
The study of cells is cytology.<br>
61
Post Test The lungs and heart are located in the ________ cavity.
True or False:
The umbilical region is superior to the hypogastric region.
The transverse plane divides the body into left and right halves.<br>
62
Post Test The lungs and heart are located in the thoracic cavity.
True or False:
The umbilical region is inferior to the hypogastric region. True
The transverse plane divides the body into left and right halves. False<br>
63
Health Profession Radiologic technologists help in the diagnosis of medical disorders by taking x-ray images (radiographs) of patients.
Name at least 4 areas a technologist may specialize in.<br>
64
Health Profession Name at least 4 areas a technologist may specialize in.
They may specialize in a specific imaging technique, such as bone densitometry, cardiovascular interventional radiography, computed tomography, mammography, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear medicine, and quality management.<br>