Cognition, Decision Making, Language Khurshid

Transcript:Cognition, Decision Making, Language Khurshid:
Cognition, Decision Making, Language Khurshid Ahmad, Chair of Computer Science Trinity College, Dublin, IRELAND 11-13th November 2013 Being intelligent being? Knowledge Intelligence Cognition Being intelligent being? Herbert Simon in conclusion to his Nobel Lecture (1978) said that: “Today, we have a large mass of descriptive data, from both laboratory and field, that show how human problem solving and decision making actually take place in a wide variety of situations. A number of theories have been constructed to account for these data, and while these theories certainly do not yet constitute a single coherent whole, there is much in common among them. In one way or another, they incorporate the notions of bounded rationality: the need to search for decision alternatives, the replacement of optimization by targets and satisficing goals, and mechanisms of learning and adaptation.” Simon, Herbert. (1978). RATIONAL DECISION-MAKING IN BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS. Nobel Lecture (http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1978/simon-lecture.pdf) Being intelligent being? Herbert Simon in characterising bounded rationality notes that: “it is now clear that the elaborate organizations that human beings have constructed in the modern world to carry out the work of production and government can only be understood as machinery for coping with the limits of man’s abilities to comprehend and compute in the face of complexity and uncertainty” Simon, Herbert. (1978). RATIONAL DECISION-MAKING IN BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS. Nobel Lecture (http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1978/simon-lecture.pdf) Genesis of the term ‘bounded rationality’ in Simon Simon, Herbert. (1978). RATIONAL DECISION-MAKING IN BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS. Nobel Lecture (http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1978/simon-lecture.pdf) Genesis of the term ‘bounded rationality’ in Simon Simon, Herbert. (1978). RATIONAL DECISION-MAKING IN BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS. Nobel Lecture (http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1978/simon-lecture.pdf) Genesis of the term ‘bounded rationality’ in Simon http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satisficing Satisficing, a "handy blended word combining satisfy with suffice",[1] is a decision-making strategy that attempts to meet criteria for adequacy, rather than to identify an optimal solution. A satisficing strategy may often be (near) optimal if the costs of the decision-making process itself, such as the cost of obtaining complete information, are considered in the outcome calculus. Genesis of the term ‘bounded rationality’ in Simon http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satisficing The word satisfice was coined by Herbert Simon in 1956. He pointed out that human beings lack the cognitive resources to maximize: we usually do not know the relevant probabilities of outcomes, we can rarely evaluate all outcomes with sufficient precision, and our memories are weak and unreliable. A more realistic approach to rationality takes into account these limitations: This is called bounded rationality. Being intelligent being? The