Human Anatomy and Physiology Eleventh Edition

Transcript:Human Anatomy and Physiology Eleventh Edition:
Human Anatomy and Physiology Eleventh Edition Chapter 06 Part A Bones and Skeletal Tissues PowerPoint® Lectures Slides prepared by Karen Dunbar Kareiva, Ivy Tech Community College Copyright © 2019, 2016, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Why This Matters Understanding bone anatomy and the process of bone remodeling allows you to work effectively with patients with bone diseases such as osteoporosis Video: Why This Matters (Career Connection) Click here to view ADA compliant video: Why This Matters (Career Connection) https://mediaplayer.pearsoncmg.com/assets/secs_wtm_ch_06_peter_v2 6.1 Skeletal Cartilages The human skeleton initially consists of just cartilage, which is replaced by bone, except in areas requiring flexibility Basic Structure, Types, and Locations (1 of 2) Skeletal cartilage: made of highly resilient, molded cartilage tissue that consists primarily of water Contains no blood vessels or nerves Perichondrium: layer of dense connective tissue surrounding cartilage like a girdle Helps cartilage resist outward expansion Contains blood vessels for nutrient delivery to cartilage Cartilage is made up of chondrocytes, cells encased in small cavities (lacunae) within jelly-like extracellular matrix Basic Structure, Types, and Locations (2 of 2) Three types of cartilage: Hyaline cartilage Provides support, flexibility, and resilience Most abundant type; contains collagen fibers only Articular (joints), costal (ribs), respiratory (larynx), nasal cartilage (nose tip) Elastic cartilage Similar to hyaline cartilage, but contains elastic fibers External ear and epiglottis Fibrocartilage Thick collagen fibers: has great tensile strength Menisci of knee; vertebral discs The Bones and Cartilages of the Human Skeleton (1 of 2) Figure 6.1 The bones and cartilages of the human skeleton. Growth of Cartilage (1 of 2) Cartilage grows in two ways: Appositional growth Cartilage-forming cells in perichondrium secrete matrix against external face of existing cartilage New matrix laid down on surface of cartilage Interstitial growth Chondrocytes within lacunae divide and secrete new matrix, expanding cartilage from within New matrix made within cartilage Growth of Cartilage (2 of 2) Calcification of cartilage occurs during normal bone growth in youth, but can also occur in old age Hardened cartilage is not the same as bone 6.2 Functions of Bones (1 of 2) There are seven important functions of bones: Support For body and soft organs Protection Protect brain, spinal cord, and vital organs Movement Levers for muscle action Mineral and growth factor storage Calcium and phosphorus, and growth factors reservoir 6.2 Functions of Bones (2 of 2) Blood cell formation Hematopoiesis occurs in red marrow cavities of certain