Human anatomy physiology BY: DR. Stella Selena M.B.B.S., DGO. Academy Director Mother Teresa Institute Of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Two Branches Of Science Anatomy : Is the science of the body structures and their
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Presentation Transcript
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Human anatomy & physiology BY:
DR. Stella Selena
M.B.B.S., DGO.
Academy Director
Mother Teresa Institute Of
Pharmaceutical Education and Research<br>
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Two Branches Of Science Anatomy : Is the science of the body structures and their relationships among them
Ana : up tomy cutting
It was first studied by dissection
Physiology: Physio = Nature, logy = study of
Is the science of body functions from body parts - work<br>
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Sub Disciplines Of Anatomy Gross anatomy Structures/ body parts can be examined without using microscope
Surface anatomy Anatomical land marks on surface of body by visualization / palpation
Systemic anatomy Structure of specific systems of the body ex: Nervous system, Respiratory system
Regional anatomy Specific region of the body such as head or chest.<br>
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Radio-graphic anatomy: Body structures that are visualized
Radio-ray Graphic- To write with X – Rays
Histology: Microscopic structure of tissues
Hist – Tissue
Embryology: Structure that emerge from the time
Embry: Embryo of the fertilized egg through the eight
week into utero
Pathological anatomy: Structural changes associated with disease<br>
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Sub disciplines of physiology:
Neurophysiology Functional properties of new cells
Neuro-nerve
Endocrinology Hormones(chemical regulations in the blood)
Endo: with how they control body functions
Crine: Secretion
Cardiovascular Physiology Functions of heart and blood vessels
Cardi : Heart
Vascular : Blood vessels<br>
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Immunology: How body depends itself against disease
Immuno : not suseptable causing agents
Respiratory Physiology: Functions of air passages and lungs
Respira : To breathe
Renal Physiology : Functions of kidney
Ren: kidney
Patho physiology: Functional changes associated with disease
Patho : Disease and aging<br>
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Basic Terminology : Anatomical Terminology To communicate clearly scientists and health care people professionals use common language of special terms when referring the body structure and their functions.
Body positions:
Descriptions of any origin/part of human body in a specific stance called – anatomical position.
In anatomical position:
Body upright
Stands erect facing observer with the head level and the eyes facing directly forward
Feet are flat on the floor and
Arms at sides
Palms turned forward<br>
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Two terms described a reclining body
Prone position: If a body is lying face down
Superior position: If body is lying face up
Regional names: Human body is divided into several major regions
Head – consists of skull and face (is front position of head includes eyes, nose, mouth, cheeks, forehead and chin)
Neck – Supports head and attaches it to trunk
Trunk – Consists of chest, abdomen and pelvis<br>
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Upper limbs – Each upper limb attaches to trunk and consists shoulders
Lower limbs – Attaches to the trunk and consists of Buttock, thighs, leg, ankle and foot & arm pit, arm, fore arm, wrist and hand
Groin: Area on the front surface of the body marked by a crease on each side when trunk attaches to the thighs.
Directional terms: To locate various body structures specific directional lens and in use to describe the position of one body part to other. They are in pairs that have opposite meanings like - Anterior(front) : Posterior (back)<br>
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Various parts of the body relative to one another<br>
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Body Cavities:
Spaces within the body that help to protect, separate and support internal organs.
Cavities:
Cranial cavity formed by cranial bones contains brain
Vertebral cavity formed by vertebral column and contains spinal cord and beginnings of spinal nerves<br>
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Thoracic Cavity Chest cavity; contains pleural and pericardial cavities and mediastinum
Pleural Cavity Each surounds a lung; the serous membrane of the pleural cavities is the pleura.
Pericardial Cavity Surrounds the heart; the serous membrane of the pericardial cavity is the pericardium.
Mediastinum Central portion of thoracic cavity between the lungs; extends from sternum to vertebral column and from neck to diaphragm; contains heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and several large blood vessels.<br>
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Abdominopelvic cavity - Subdivided into abdominal and pelvic cavities
Abdominal Cavity Contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and most of large intestine; the serous membrane of the abdominal cavity is the peritoneum.
Pelvic cavity Contains urinary bladder, portions of large intestine and internal organs of reproduction.<br>
