Metals and Acids Metals react with acids to
Description: Metals and Acids Metals react with acids to produce a salt plus hydrogen. metal acid salt hydrogen The name of the salt is created by combining the name of metal with the name of the acid. Nitric acid makes nitrate salts, hydrochloric
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slide1. Metals and Acids
Metals react with acids to produce a salt plus hydrogen.
metal + acid salt + hydrogen
The name of the salt is created by combining the name of metal with the name of the acid.
Nitric acid makes nitrate salts, hydrochloric acid makes chloride salts, and sulphuric acid makes sulphate salts. E.g.
iron + sulphuric acid iron sulphate + hydrogen
Fe + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2
Hydrogen is a gas, this creates fizzing. It creates a squeaky pop when ignited with a lit splint. Polymers
A polymer is a very long molecule made up of many repeating units called monomers.
Some polymers are naturally occurring like cellulose, DNA and proteins. Synthetic polymers are best known by their common name, plastics
Polymers are chemically unreactive solids at room temperature, can be moulded into shape, are electrical and thermal insulators and are strong and hardwearing. Ceramics
Ceramics are solids made from baking material in a very hot oven called a kiln.
They are very hard, tough, waterproof, have high melting points, are strong under compression, are unreactive and are electrical and thermal insulators
Ceramics are often brittle so will break if dropped or bent
Common ceramics are bricks, pottery, glass, porcelain, tiles and cement Metals and Oxygen
Metals react with oxygen to form metal oxides. The speed of the reaction depends on the reactivity of the metal.
This is the general word equation for the reaction:
metal + oxygen → metal oxide
e.g. the reaction of zinc and oxygen can be written as:
Word equation
zinc + oxygen → zinc oxide
Chemical equation
2 Zn(s) + O2(g) → 2 ZnO(s) Metal Extraction
Carbon is a non-metal, but it is more reactive than some metals. This means it can extract some metals from their metal oxides.
In general:
metal oxide + carbon → metal + carbon dioxide
This works for zinc, iron, tin, lead and copper as they are less reactive than carbon. E.g.
iron oxide + carbon iron + carbon dioxide
2Fe2O3 + 3C 4Fe + 3CO2
Oxidation is when an element gains oxygen.
Reduction is when an element loses oxygen.
The more reactive element will gain oxygen.
The least reactive element will lose oxygen.
Redox reactions are a type of displacement reaction where both oxidation and reduction occur in the same reaction. Displacement
A more reactive element will displace a less reactive element from its compound in a displacement reaction. E.g.
magnesium + copper chloride magnesium chloride + copper
Mg + CuCl2 MgCl2 + Cu
Metals and non-metals can be arranged in order of reactivity.
Non-metals; hydrogen and carbon are also part of the reactivity series. Metals and Water
Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides and hydrogen gas.
e.g. when potassium is added to water, the metal melts and floats. It moves around very quickly on the surface of the water. The metal self-ignites, which also ignites the hydrogen gas. This results in sparks and a lilac flame. There is sometimes a small explosion at the end of the reaction.
This can be represented in different ways as shown:
Word equation
potassium + water → potassium + hydrogen
hydroxide
Chemical equation
2 K(s) + 2 H2O(l) → 2 KOH(aq) + H2(g) Composites
Composite materials are made from two or more different types of material that have different properties that combine to make a more useful material. Common composites include steel reinforced concrete, MDF, and fibreglass.<br>
Metals react with acids to produce a salt plus hydrogen.
metal + acid salt + hydrogen
The name of the salt is created by combining the name of metal with the name of the acid.
Nitric acid makes nitrate salts, hydrochloric acid makes chloride salts, and sulphuric acid makes sulphate salts. E.g.
iron + sulphuric acid iron sulphate + hydrogen
Fe + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2
Hydrogen is a gas, this creates fizzing. It creates a squeaky pop when ignited with a lit splint. Polymers
A polymer is a very long molecule made up of many repeating units called monomers.
Some polymers are naturally occurring like cellulose, DNA and proteins. Synthetic polymers are best known by their common name, plastics
Polymers are chemically unreactive solids at room temperature, can be moulded into shape, are electrical and thermal insulators and are strong and hardwearing. Ceramics
Ceramics are solids made from baking material in a very hot oven called a kiln.
They are very hard, tough, waterproof, have high melting points, are strong under compression, are unreactive and are electrical and thermal insulators
Ceramics are often brittle so will break if dropped or bent
Common ceramics are bricks, pottery, glass, porcelain, tiles and cement Metals and Oxygen
Metals react with oxygen to form metal oxides. The speed of the reaction depends on the reactivity of the metal.
This is the general word equation for the reaction:
metal + oxygen → metal oxide
e.g. the reaction of zinc and oxygen can be written as:
Word equation
zinc + oxygen → zinc oxide
Chemical equation
2 Zn(s) + O2(g) → 2 ZnO(s) Metal Extraction
Carbon is a non-metal, but it is more reactive than some metals. This means it can extract some metals from their metal oxides.
In general:
metal oxide + carbon → metal + carbon dioxide
This works for zinc, iron, tin, lead and copper as they are less reactive than carbon. E.g.
iron oxide + carbon iron + carbon dioxide
2Fe2O3 + 3C 4Fe + 3CO2
Oxidation is when an element gains oxygen.
Reduction is when an element loses oxygen.
The more reactive element will gain oxygen.
The least reactive element will lose oxygen.
Redox reactions are a type of displacement reaction where both oxidation and reduction occur in the same reaction. Displacement
A more reactive element will displace a less reactive element from its compound in a displacement reaction. E.g.
magnesium + copper chloride magnesium chloride + copper
Mg + CuCl2 MgCl2 + Cu
Metals and non-metals can be arranged in order of reactivity.
Non-metals; hydrogen and carbon are also part of the reactivity series. Metals and Water
Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides and hydrogen gas.
e.g. when potassium is added to water, the metal melts and floats. It moves around very quickly on the surface of the water. The metal self-ignites, which also ignites the hydrogen gas. This results in sparks and a lilac flame. There is sometimes a small explosion at the end of the reaction.
This can be represented in different ways as shown:
Word equation
potassium + water → potassium + hydrogen
hydroxide
Chemical equation
2 K(s) + 2 H2O(l) → 2 KOH(aq) + H2(g) Composites
Composite materials are made from two or more different types of material that have different properties that combine to make a more useful material. Common composites include steel reinforced concrete, MDF, and fibreglass.<br>