Neurons Professor Name Class and Section Number Learning Objectives Differentiate the functional roles between the two main cell classes in the brain, neurons and glia. Describe how the forces of diffusion and electrostatic pressure
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Presentation Transcript
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Neurons [Professor Name]
[Class and Section Number]<br>
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Learning Objectives Differentiate the functional roles between the two main cell classes in the brain, neurons and glia.
Describe how the forces of diffusion and electrostatic pressure work collectively to facilitate electrochemical communication.
Define resting membrane potential, excitatory postsynaptic potentials, inhibitory postsynaptic potentials, and action potentials.
Explain the features of axonal and synaptic communication in neurons.<br>
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Write down what you already know about basic cells or specifically neurons or glia.
What are some questions you have about the structure and function of cells in the brain? Warm Up<br>
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History of Neurons as Cells
Structure of the Neuron/Synapse
Types of Cells in the Brain
Communication within and between Neurons
Neurotransmission Overview<br>
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History of Neurons as Cells Declares cells are discrete
Structural/functional units of nervous system<br>
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History of Neurons as Cells
Structure of the Neuron/Synapse
Types of Cells in the Brain
Communication within and between Neurons
Neurotransmission Overview<br>
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Structure of the Neuron<br>
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Structure of the Synapse<br>
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History of Neurons as Cells
Structure of the Neuron/Synapse
Types of Cells in the Brain
Functional Classification of Neurons
Structural Classification of Neurons
Glial Cells
Communication within and between Neurons
Neurotransmission Overview<br>
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Motor Neuron
Sensory Neuron
Interneuron Functional Classifications of Neurons Types of Cells in the Brain<br>
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Video: Reflex Arc Functional Classifications of Neurons Types of Cells in the Brain<br>
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Multipolar Neuron
Bipolar Neuron
Unipolar Neuron Functional Classifications of Neurons Types of Cells in the Brain<br>
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Glial Cells Oligodendroglia (CNS)/Schwann (PNS)
Microglia
Astrocytes Types of Cells in the Brain<br>
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What’s the purpose of the blood-brain-barrier?
What types of harmful substances do we need to protect the brain from?
Does the blood-brain-barrier keep everything harmful out? Discussion<br>
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History of Neurons as Cells
Structure of the Neuron/Synapse
Types of Cells in the Brain
Communication within and between Neurons
Resting Membrane Potential
Action Potential
Neurotransmission Overview<br>
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Communication within and between Neurons Resting Membrane Potential Cell membrane
Ion channels
-70mV<br>
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Separation of Ions
Anions
Potassium
Chloride
Sodium
Pressures acting on ions
Diffusion
Electrostatic Pressure Communication within and between Neurons<br>
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What was the muddiest point about today’s class?
Write down the concept(s) you are still struggling to understand. CAT: The Muddiest Point<br>
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Revisiting the CAT<br>
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History of Neurons as Cells
Structure of the Neuron/Synapse
Types of Cells in the Brain
Communication within and between Neurons
Resting Membrane Potential
Action Potential
Neurotransmission Overview<br>
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Hodgkin and Huxley
Nobel Prize 1963
Electrochemical Transduction
Giant Squid Axon Communication within and between Neurons<br>
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Characteristics
All-or-nothing
Depolarized past threshold of excitation
Results in neurotransmitter release Communication within and between Neurons Action Potential<br>
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How It’s Initiated
IPSP’s
EPSP’s
Summation across space
Summation across time Communication within and between Neurons<br>
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Change in neuron potential during action potential
Na+ channels open
Both diffusion and electrostatic pressure pushes Na+ into the cell
As Na+ is rushing in, K+ channels open Communication within and between Neurons Action Potential<br>
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Communication within and between Neurons Action Potential At the peak of the action potential Na+ channels close
Diffusion and electrostatic pressure force K+ out
Cell undergoes a brief hyperpolarization<br>
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Nerve Impulse Communication within and between Neurons<br>
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Myelin speeds the process
Action potentials occur at each Node of Ranvier
Saltatory Conduction Communication within and between Neurons Action Potential in Myelinated Axons<br>
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Colossal Neurons Activity<br>
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History of Neurons as Cells
Structure of the Neuron/Synapse
Types of Cells in the Brain
Communication within and between Neurons
Neurotransmission Overview<br>
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Communication within and between Neurons Neurotransmission Neurotransmission is chemical<br>
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Neurotransmitter release
Binds in lock and key fashion
Ionotropic/Metabotropic receptors
Results in IPSP’s and EPSP’s Communication within and between Neurons Neurotransmission<br>