PAPER-601 ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT UNIT 3:SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT Management of earthquake hazard Disaster management refers to the efficient management of resources and responsibilities that will help in
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Presentation Transcript
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PAPER-601
ENVIRONMENT
AND DEVELOPMENT<br>
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UNIT 3:SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
Management of earthquake hazard
Disaster management refers to the efficient management of resources and responsibilities that will help in lessening the impact of the disaster
It involves a well-planned plan of action so we can make effective efforts to reduce the dangers caused by the disaster to a minimum.<br>
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Most importantly, one must understand that disaster management does not necessarily eliminate the threat completely but it decreases the impact of the disaster. It focuses on formulating specific plans to do so.
Earthquake is one of the most devastating natural disasters on earth
Earthquake effects can cover hundreds of thousands of square kilometers; cause damage to structures or infrastructures facilities, result in loss of life and injury to hundreds of thousands of people, and disrupt the social and economic functioning of the affected area<br>
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Although it is impossible to prevent earthquake from occurring, it is possible to mitigate the effects and to reduce loss of life, injuries and damage.
Disaster management is a mammoth task, which not confined to any specific location nor do they disappear as quickly as they appear. As such, proper management is important to optimize efficiency of planning and response.
Collaborative efforts at the governmental, private and community levels are required, due to limited resources.<br>
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The overall management of earthquake disaster involves the following aspects :
> risk assessment and analysis of earthquake hazards,
> preparation of earthquake vulnerability and risk zones maps,
> prediction of occurrence of earthquakes,
> earthquake disaster preparedness,
> search and rescure operation,
> relief operation after the occurrence of earthquake disaster,
> recovery of disaster-affected people from mental, economic and social problems,
> rehabilitations of displaced people, etc<br>
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The advanced techniques of computing facility provided by advanced computers and analysis of mass dataset of seismic situation and geological formation provided by remote sensing technique have enabled the experts to prepare the maps of earthquake vulnerability and risk zones of varying magnitudes.
occurrences of earthquakes cannot be precisely predicted because till now no suitable technique for earthquake prediction could be developed as the seismic events are sudden and very rapid on-set disasters and are related to the interior of the earth about which we do not know precisely
Inspite of the complete uncertainty of earthquake prediction some precautionary measures, as mentioned below, should be taken to avoid and mitigate the disastrous effects of seismic events. Such measures are related to pre-disaster phase-<br>
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To avoid the human settlements in the high earthquake risk zone,
Follow earthquake resistant architectural designs for the construction of buildings.
To use building materials of high quality and strength,
To stop the construction of high rise buildings in earthquake-prone areas,
To restrict the groundwater mining to avoid larger cavities below the ground surface which may weaken the foundations of buildings,
To acquaint the people of earthquake-prone areas with safety measures in case of sudden ocurrence of an earthquake, so that they can immediately follow the safety rules in the case of calamity,<br>
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to restrict urban growth in the hilly areas having high earthquake vulnerability risk,
to avoid the construction of large dams and reservoirs in high seismic zones inorder to restrict the onset of reservoir-induced seismisity(RIS),
to stop deforestation and massive quarrying in the high seismic zones of hill regions,
Post-disaster measures of reduction of earthquake disaster includs three significant aspects as
follows :
(1) relief (R)
(2) recovery (R)
(3) rehabilitation (R)<br>
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There is immediate need of relief work after an earthquake has struck a locality.
The relief operation includes search and rescue work; provision for temporary shelters of tin shades, tents, public buildings etc.
supply of clothes, food, safe drinking water and medicine; provisions for medical team; restoration of electricity,. transport and communication etc.
The extraction of people from the debris requires heavy machines (like cranes), buldozers etc. and suitable equipemts.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:Environmental Geography by Savindra Singh<br>
