The passive: impersonal and personal structures, let, allow make Opinions Verbs like believe, consider, know, expect, and think are used to report generalised opinions instead of the opinions of a particular personal or group. Used in
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Presentation Transcript
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The passive: impersonal and personal structures, let, allow & make<br>
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Opinions Verbs like believe, consider, know, expect, and think are used to report generalised opinions instead of the opinions of a particular personal or group.
Used in media.
When are let, allow & make used?
Let and allow: PERMISSION
Make: to express that someone is forced to do something.<br>
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Impersonal & Personal Structures They are used because they do not sound as weak as ‘They/ People say…’ to report a generalised opinion.
Examples:
Active (A) and passive (P) voice:
A: They say today’s youth are lazy.
P- impersonal: It is said that today’s youth are lazy.
P-personal: Today’s youth are said to be lazy.
What are the changes?<br>
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Impersonal & Personal Structures Verbs:
believe
know
expect
say
report
suppose
think
claim
suspect
understand<br>
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Impersonal Passive Structure We form the impersonal passive structure with:
It + passive verb + that + clause (sentence)
Examples:
Active Voice: Many people believe that the factory will close.
Passive Voice: It is believed that the factory will close.<br>
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Personal Passive Structure We form the personal passive structure with:
NOUN + passive verb + full infinitive
Examples:
Active Voice: Many people say that unemployed people need support.
Passive Voice: Unemployed people are said to need support.<br>
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Passive voice: past Perfect infinitive is used to refer to the past
Example:
Active Voice: People say that Mr Brown fired Janet.
Passive Voice: Mr Brown is said to have fired Janet. past<br>
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let/ allow/ make LET :
LET + object + bare infinitive
ALLOW :
ALLOW + object + full infinitive
Used to say that we give permission for someone to do something.
LET can only be used in the active voice. In the passive voice: BE ALLOWED TO
Examples:
The manager let us take a break. (active voice)
The manager allowed us to take a break. (active voice)
We were allowed to take a break. (passive voice)<br>
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let/ allow/ make MAKE :
MAKE + object + bare infinitive
Used in the active voice to say that we force a person to do something.
In the passive, we use FULL INFINITIVE.
Example:
Active Voice: The master electrician made the apprentice do the job again.
Passive Voice: The apprentice was made to do the job again by the master electrician.<br>
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Practice! They will let me stay.
They have allowed me to stay.
They made me stay.
Answers:
I will be allowed to stay.
I have been allowed to stay.
I was made to stay.<br>
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Exercise: rewrite the sentences in impersonal and personal structures. People say that 86% of workers at smaller companies are happy.
People think pilots are among the top ten highest paid UK jobs.
People know that Henry Ford had five failed businesses before he became a success.
Sources report that, on average, professionals born after 1982 get a different job every thirteen months.
People believe that in 1989, 75% of Britain’s wealthiest people had inherited their fortune.<br>
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Answers I: It is said that 86% of workers at smaller companies are happy. P: 86% of workers at smaller companies are said to be happy.
I: It is thought that pilots are among the top ten highest paid UK jobs. P: Pilots are thought to be among the top ten highest paid UK jobs.
I: It is known that Henry Ford had five failed businesses before he became a success. P: Henry Ford is known to have had five failed businesses before he became a success.
I: It is reported that, on average, professionals born after 1982 get a different job every 13 months. P: On average, professionals born after 1982 are reported to get a different job every 13 months.<br>
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I: It is believed that in 1989, 75% of Britain’s wealthiest people had inherited their fortune. P: In 1989, 75% of Britain’s wealthiest people are believed to have inherited their fortune.<br>
