Unit 1 Introduction to operation research

Transcript:Unit 1 Introduction to operation research:
Unit 1 Introduction to operation research INTRODUCTION TO OPERATION RESEARCH Operational Research is a systematic and analytical approach to decision making and problem solving. O.R. as termed in USA, Canada, Africa, Australia and Operational Research as termed in Europe, is an Branch of applied mathematics that uses techniques and statistics to arrive at Optimal solutions to solve complex problems. It is typically concerned with determining the maximum profit, sale, output, crops yield and efficiency And minimum losses, risks, cost, and time of some objective function. It have also become an important part of INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PROFESSION. History of OPERATION RESEARCH There is no clear history that marks the Birth if O.R., it is generally accepted that the field originated in England during the World War II. Some say that Charles Babbage (1791-1871) is the Father of O.R because his research into the cost of transportation and sorting of mail led to England’s University Penny Post in 1840. Modern Operations Research originated at the Bowdsey Research Station in U.K. in 1937 to analyze and improve the working of the UK’s Early Warning Rador System. During the Second World War about 1000 Men and Women were engaged to work for British Army. After World War II, Military Operational Research in U.K. became Operational Analysis (OA) within the U.K. Ministry of Defense with expanded techniques and graving awareness. Definitions of OPERATION RESEARCH ‘OR is the application of scientific methods, techniques and tools to problems involving operations of systems so as to provide those in control of operations with optimum solutions to the problems’. — Churchman, Ackoff and Arnoff ‘Operations Research is a scientific method of providing executive departments with a quantitative basis for decisions regarding the operations under their control’. — P.M. Morse and G.F. Kimball ‘Operations Research is the attack of modern science on problems of likelihood that arise in the management and control of men and machines, materials and money in their natural environment, its special technique is to invent a strategy of control by measuring, comparing and predicting probable behaviour through a scientific model of a situation’. — Stafford Beer ‘Operations Research is applied decision theory. It uses any scientific, mathematical or logical means to attempt to cope with the problems that confront the executive when he tries to achieve a thorough going rationality in dealing with his decision problems’. — D.W. Miller and M.K. Starr characteristics constituting the nature