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AYURVEDIC CONCEPT OF VATI / GUTIKA According to the Acharya Sharangadhara Gutika,Vati,Modaka,Vatika,Pindi,Guda,Varti (tablets,bouls,pills draggees) are synonyms of Vati kalpana.<br>
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AYURVEDIC CONCEPT OF VATI / GUTIKA Gutika:
If the medicine is rolled into small circular shape masses, called Gutika. This can be compare with pills in modern pharmaceutics.<br>
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CONTD.... Vati:-
Vati is made in the shape of flat circular mass hence it is similar to tablet.
Guda:-
Kasthausadhi churna is mixed with Gudapaka and prepared product is called Guda.<br>
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CONTD.... Guggulu:
Kasthaushadhi churna and bhasma etc. are mixed with Guggulu and make Vati and Gutika, known as Guggulu Kalpana.<br>
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CONTD... Varti:
If the Gutika or Vati is modified into long oval shaped solid form, then it is called as Varti Kalpana. This is commonly used for local administration of following routes Viz.
Guda (Anus),
Yoni (Vagina),
Shisna (Penis),
Netra (Eye).<br>
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CONTD... According to the specific route of drug administration, the length and diameter of the Varti can be modified.<br>
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CONTD... Vataka:-
If medicine moulded into big circular mass form known as Vataka.
Pinda or Pindi:
Aushadhi churna is mixed with Sarkara and medicine is moulded like Pinda then it is called as Pinda or Pindi kalpana.<br>
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CONTD... Modaka:
It will be having circular shape and having big size usually. It is prepared with medicine possessing weight around 20g, 50g 100 g of around big lemon fruit and size rolled into circular mass form then it is called Modaka.<br>
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CONTD.... सिता चतुर्गुणा देयावटीषु द्विगुणो गुडः|
चूर्णाच्चूर्णसमः कार्यो गुग्गलुर्मधु तत्समम्||
द्रवं च द्विगुणं देयं मोदकेषु भिष्ग्वरेः||
(शा.म.ख.७/४)
According to this shloka, during preparation of vati we have to mixed sita 4 times of aoushadhi churna, guda(jaggery) 2 times of aoushadhi churna, guggulu and madhu is equal to aoushadhi churna and anya dravya are 2 times .<br>
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A Tablet is a pharmaceutical doses form. It comprises a mixture of active substances and excipients usually in powder form pressed or compacted from a powder into a solid dose.<br>
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Advantages Large scale manufacturing is feasible in comparison to other doses form. Therefore economy can be achieved.
Accuracy of dose is maintained since tablet is a solid unit doses form.
Longer expiry period and minimum spillage owing to lower moisture content.
As tablet is not a sterile doses form stringent environmental conditions are not required in the tablet department.
High stability<br>
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Easy to handling
Lightest and most compact
Greatest dose precision & least content variability
Coating can mark unpleasant tastes & improve pt. acceptability
In comparison to capsule tablets are more temper proof.
Self administration is possible in comparison to parenteral doses form.<br>
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Disadvantages Some drugs resist compression into dense compacts.
Drugs with poor wetting, slow dissolution, intermediate to large dosages may be difficult or impossible to formulate and manufacture as a tablet that provide adequate or full drug bioavailability.<br>
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CONTD… Bitter taste drugs, drugs with an objectionable odor, or sensitive to oxygen or moisture may require encapsulation or entrapment prior to compression or the tablets may require coating.
Slow onset of action as compared to parenteral, liquid orals and capsules.
Difficult to swallow for kids, terminally ill and geriatric patients.<br>
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Types & Classes of Tablets Oral tablets for Ingestion:-
Compressed tablets or standard compressed tablets
Multiple compressed tablets(MCT)
Layered tablets
Compression-coated tablets
Chewable tablets
Sugar and chocolate-coated tablets
Film-coated tablets
Repeat-action tablets
Delayed-action and enteric coated tablets
Controlled release tablets<br>
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Tablets used in the oral cavity Buccal and sublingual tablets
Troches and lozenges
Dental cones
Tablets administered by other routes
Implantation tablets
Vaginal tablets<br>
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Tablets used to prepare solutions Effervescent tablets
Dispensing tablets (DT)
Hypodermic tablets (HT)
Tablets triturates (TT)<br>
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DILUENTS IN TABLETS THESE ARE FILLERS DESIGNED TO MAKE UP THE REQUIRED BULK OF TABLETS WHEN DRUG DOSAGE ITSELF IS INADEQUATE TO PRODUCE THIS BULK<br>
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DILUENTS USED IN TABLET FORMULATION DILUENTS CALCIUM CARBONATE
CALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIBASIC
CALCIUM PHOSPHATE TRIBASIC
CALCIUM SULPHATE
CELLULOSE,MICROCRYSTALLINE
MCC SILICIFIED DEXTRATES
DEXTROSE
FRUCTOSE
LACTITOL
LACTOSE MONOHYDRATE
MALTITOL
MALTODEXTRIN
MALTOSE
MANITOL<br>
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CONTD… SORBITOL
STARCH
SUCROSE
SUGAR,COMPRESSEIBLE
SUGAR SPHERE
TALC
XYLITOL<br>
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BINDERS IN TABLETS Binder is one of an important excipient to be added in tablet formulation. In simpler words, binders or adhesives are the substances that promotes cohesiveness. It is utilized for converting powder into granules through a process known as Granulation. Granulation is the unit operation by which small powdery particles are agglomerated into larger entities called granules.<br>
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CLASSIFICATION OF BINDERS<br>
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BINDERS USED IN TABLETS FORMULATION BINDER ACACIA MUCILAGE
ALGINIC ACID
CARBOMER CONCENTRATION USED (%) UP TO 20
1-5
5-10<br>
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BINDER CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE SODIUM
CELLULOSE MICROCRYSTILLINE
ETHYL CELLULOSE
GELATIN CONCENTRATON USED (%) 5-15
1-3
5-20<br>
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BINDER GLUCOSE,LIPID
GUAR GUM
HYDROXYETHYL
HYDROXYPROPYL CELLULOSE
HYDROXYPROPYLMETHYLCELLULOSE CONCENTRATION USED (%) UP TO 50
1-10
2-6
2-6
2-5<br>
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MAGNESIUM ALLUMINUM SILICATE
MALTODEXTRIN
METHYLCELLULOSE 2-10
2-10
1-5<br>
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POLYETHYLENE OXIDE
POVIDONE
SODIUM ALGINATE
STARCH PASTE
SUCROSE(SYRUP)
WATER 5
0.5-0.5
1-3
5-25
UP TO 70<br>
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DISINTEGRANTS IN TABLETS A DISINTEGRANTS IS ADDED MOST TABLET FORMULATION S TO FACILITATE A BREAKUP OR DISINTEGRATIONS OF TABLETS WHEN IT CONTACTS WATER IN THE G.I.T.<br>
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DISINTEGRANTS USED IN TABLET FORMULATION DISINTEGRANTS ALGINIC ACID
CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE SODIUM
CELLULOSE,MICROCRYSTILLINE
CROSCARMELLOSE
CROSPOVIDONE CONCENTRATION USED (%) 2-10
1-5
UP TO 10
0.5-5
2-5<br>
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DOCUSATE SODIUM
GUAR GUM
MAGNESIUM ALUMINUM
METHYLCELLULOSE
POLACRILIN POTASSIUM
POLOXAMER 0.5-1
2-8
2-10
2-10
2-10
5-10<br>
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POVIDONE
SODIUM ALGINATE
SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE
SODIUM STARCH GYLCOLATE
STARCH
STARCH, PREGELATINIZE 0.5-5
2.5-10
0.5-2
2-8
2-10
5-10<br>
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STARCH USP AND VARIES STARCH DERIVATIVES ARE THE COMMON DISINTEGRATING AGENTS.IT IS TYPICALLY USED IN THE CONCENTRATION RANGE OF 5 TO 20 % OF THE TABLET WEIGHT.
THE DISINTEGRATION AGENT MAY BE MIXED AT 2 STAGES:
INTRAGRANULAR- DURING THE FORMULATION OF GRANULES PRIOR TO WETTING WITH THE GRANULATING FLUID
EXTRAGRANULAR-MIXING STAGE DURING COMPACTION OF GRANULES INTO TABLETS<br>
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LUBRICANTS IT IS A SUBSTANCE INTRODUCED TO REDUCE FRICTION BETWEEN MOVING PARTICLES
GLIDANTS
IT IS A SUBSTANCE THAT IS ADDED TO A POWDER TO IMPROVES ITS FLOWABILITY OR A SUBSTANCE THAT ENHANCES THE FLOW OF GRANULAR MIXTURE BY REDUCING INTERPARTICLE FRICTION<br>
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LUBRICANTS AND GLIDANTS USED IN TABLET FORMULATION LUBRICANTS CALCIUM STEARATE
FUMARIC ACID
GLYCERYL BEHENATE
GLYCERYL PALMITOSTEARATE
HYDROGENATED VEGETABLE OIL CONCENTRATION USED(%) 0.5-2
5
0.5-4
0.5-5
1-6<br>
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MAGNESIUM STEARATE
PEG4000 OR 6000
SODIUM SULPHATE
STARCH
STEARIC ACID
TALC
ZINC STEARATE 0.25-5
2-5
1-2
2-10
1-3
1-10
0.5-2<br>
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GLIDANTS CALCIUM SILICATE
CELLULOSE,POWDERED
MAG. CARBONATE
MAGNESIUM OXIDE
MAGNESIUN SILICATE
SILICON DIOXIDE
STARCH
TALC CONCENTRATION USED (%) 0.5-2
1-2
1-3
1-3
0.5-2
0.05-0.5
2-10
1-10<br>
