Thomas Jefferson Origins of the 2 party system Constitution says nothing about political Parties George W ashington was very much against them But 2 of W ashingtons cabinet Members Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton started the first political parties because of disagreements th ID: 783774
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Slide1
Political parties/voting/campaigning
Slide2Thomas Jefferson
Slide3Origins of the 2 party system
Constitution says nothing about political Parties.
George
W
ashington was very much against them.
But 2 of
W
ashington’s cabinet Members, Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton started the first political parties because of disagreements they had on how the country should run.
Slide4Origins of the 2 party system cont.-Democrats
The beginnings of the Democrats
Thomas Jefferson started the
Democratic Republican Party:
which wanted to limit the power of federal government and give more power to the States which was closer to the Citizens.
In 1828 under the Leadership of Andrew Jackson the party split and aligned itself with the Democratic Party.
The Democrats became the Dominant Party until 1850’s
Slide5Origins of the 2 party system cont.-Republicans
Alexander Hamilton Believed that
Individual rights were at risk if the government was too weak, so he favored a strong nat. govern.
and started the Federalist Party (you remember them)
From 1816-1828
t
he Federalist faded away but in 1830 the WHIGS (or National Republicans) rose to challenge the Democrats until the 1850’s
Slide6Abraham Lincoln
Slide7Origins of the 2 party system cont.-Republicans..cont.
1854 break away Democrats and WHIGS who opposed slavery, formed the REPUBLICAN party.
1860 Abraham Lincoln becomes the first REPUBLICAN President and the 2 (Dems and REP.)have been the 2 major parties ever since
Slide83
rd
Parties
Ralph
N
ader
Slide93
rd
Parties
No 3
rd
Party has ever won a Presidential election and they rarely win other major elections.
They do influence government and social policies by moving the two Major parties to their causes
Slide10Types of 3
rd
Parties
Single issue parties-
arise not to win elections but promote a social, economic, or moral issue.
They (single issue parties)hope to persuade legislators to pass laws that support their ISSUE.
The Party may fade away when issue is no longer important
Slide11Types of 3
rd
Parties
Ideological parties-
focus on changing society in a major way
Examples:
Socialist Party, Communist Party
support government of businesses.Libertarian Party wants very very little government action. To increase individual freedoms
Green Party opposes corporations and prefers grassroots decisions.
Slide12Other Party systems
Most Democracies have multi party systems. 3 or more parties.
All parties all represent different views of government.
One Party system
-The Party and government are the same thing. Only one party the ruling party is allowed to exist. i.e Communist Party
Theocracy
– Religion and government are the same thing. Decisions are made by religious leaders. All other parties or opposition is outlawed.
Slide13VOTING
Slide14Voting
Voting is an important right of U.S. citizenship.
Those who do not vote are failing to carry out a civic responsibility
What do I need to be able to vote:
A-Be 18 yrs old
B-Be a resident of the State you are voting in for a specific period of time
C-Register to vote ahead of time usually 25 days B4 election.
Slide15Voting Process
A-Register to vote
B- go to your polling place on election day(determined by where you live) usually town halls, schools, firehouses, public buildings
C- if you can’t make it to your polling location the day of the vote you could vote early by
absentee ballot
. i.e. elderly, military personnel, college students.
D- polls are open usually 7 a.m. -7 p.m.
E-Vote
Organization of political parties
Chart on page 225
Slide17Elections
Types of elections
Primaries
: Battle between candidates to gain parties Nomination
General elections
Elections on issues
Special elections
Slide18General Election
General elections always take place the
first Tuesday, after the first Monday in November
All seats in the
HOUSE OF REPRESENTITIVES
and 1/3 of all
SENATE
seats will be voted on.The Presidential Elections are held every 4 years
Slide19Presidential Elections
3 steps
1-Nomination
2-Campaign
3-The vote
Slide20Nomination
The year or so before Presidential elections Candidates for each party via ( compete ) for their Parties Nomination
Campaign-Candidates travel across the country giving speeches, appearing on TV holding news conferences. Anything to get them seen by voters in a good light
Slide21Vote
Every state has one electoral vote for each U.S. Senator. 2 times 50=
100
The total number of ( HOUSE OF REPESENTITIVES) members is
435
.
Washington D.C. gets
3 electoral votes. Totaling 538
members of the Electoral CollegeNominee who gets Majority ( 50%+1) of Electoral College, 270 or more is President
Slide22Running for President
There are 4 parts to every election
1-Candidate
2-Issues
3-Campaign Organization
4-MONEY
Without the money you can forget the other 3
Slide23Campaigning
Canvassing – going door to door advertising / selling your candidate (handing out stuff)
Endorsements – famous or popular people supporting and or campaigning for a particular candidate. “The ROCK like President Obama and so should you”
Slide24Campaign cont.
Advertising and image molding
A- Campaign advisors spend a lot of time and money creating the right IMAGE for their candididate.
B- money for Ads : allows you to attack an opponent without them getting a chance to respond.
C- posters, flyers, radio….
Slide25Political Ads
Slide26Campaign cont.
Television ads are most expensive but the most effective.
you can send a quick dramatic emotional plea, attack, image of you or your opponent and it tends to lingers in viewers mind longer.
Slide27Slide28Campaign Expenses
Things you need to pay for while running for any position
T.V. time, radio time, airfare, all transportation, salaries for your staff, professional consultants to help make decisions, polling, phone bills, postage, printing costs, computers, internet access
Slide29Campaign Expenses cont…
Costs ranges for type of elections
Small-town mayoral race : few hundred to few thousand dollars
A State congressional race : several hundred thousand dollars to several million dollars
National congressional races have averaged 1.5 million dollars and some go up to 15 million dollars depending on the race.
Slide30Campaign Expenses cont…
A Presidential elections can cost hundreds of millions of dollars
Candidates with the most money almost always win.
Presidential elections The Candidate that collected the most money has won last 7 elections in a row. ( how many years is that?)
Slide31Federal Election Campaign Act
1971- passed by congress in an effort to control campaign financing
Requires public disclosure of candidates spending
Limited the amount of
HARD MONEY
money donated directly to a particular candidate and or a political party.
Tried to limit the amount other individuals and groups could spend on their own.
Slide32Federal Election Campaign Act
1974 amendment
Created the FEC Federal Election Committee, independent of the Executive Branch ( why is that?) to administer all election laws and monitor campaign spending.
Candidates must keep records of all contributions and report all contributions larger than $200 to FEC
Slide33Federal Election Campaign Act cont.
1976 Supreme Court ruled in Buckley v. Valeo that the government could set limits on campaign contributions because of a need to stop corruption. (why would there be a need to stop corruption? )
They however did say that it was a violation of free speech to tell candidates how much of their own money they could spend.
Slide34Public Funding for campaigns
FECA allows voters to contribute to Presidential election Campaigns by checking a special box on their taxes. $3
Candidates can qualify to get some of this money if they collect $100,000 on their own
If Candidates don’t get funding from any other sources they can split evenly money from this fund.
Slide35SOFT MONEY
Most money for Campaigns come from private sources:
Individual, corporations, labor unions, interest groups, and POLITICAL ACTION COMITEES (PACS
), and the new SUPER PACS
PACs are organizations set up by interest groups to collect money to support a favored candidate.
Slide36Slide37Soft money cont.
To get around FECA spending limits are not given to particular campaigns. Instead they PACs give money to the National party or advertise on their own.
They never (or at least shouldn’t ) say to vote for or against anyone but they can have images of or names of Candidates in advertisement.
In this way there are no spending limits.
Slide38Corporations are people
Citizens United v. federal Elections committee
The U.S. Supreme court decided that Corporations have 1
st
amendment rights to free speech. Thusly they cannot be limited in the amount they can spend on political
campaigns.
Since
they’ve ruled that $$$=Speech, this allows the formation of Super PACS
As long as there is no communication between SUPER PAC and the Campaign they are endorsing
Slide39CLOBERT NATION