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Characterization of Florida Landfills with Elevated Temperatures Characterization of Florida Landfills with Elevated Temperatures

Characterization of Florida Landfills with Elevated Temperatures - PowerPoint Presentation

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Characterization of Florida Landfills with Elevated Temperatures - PPT Presentation

Debra Reinhart PhD PE BCEE Ryan Joslyn Department of Civil Environmental and Construction Engineering University of Central Florida Orlando FL TAG Meeting November 1 2018 Presentation Overview ID: 788174

landfill elevated task temperature elevated landfill temperature task ash temperatures landfills gas cells model data florida waste modeling disposal

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Slide1

Characterization of Florida Landfills with Elevated Temperatures

Debra Reinhart, PhD, PE, BCEERyan JoslynDepartment of Civil, Environmental, and Construction EngineeringUniversity of Central Florida, Orlando, FL

TAG Meeting

November 1, 2018

Slide2

Presentation Overview

Research Goals and ObjectivesMethodology and TimelineResults to DateQ & A

Slide3

Research Goals

To develop a more complete understanding of the reactions and conditions leading to elevated temperatures in Florida landfills through data analysis and landfill characterization.Focus of this research is on subsurface reactions that are more difficult to characterize, understand, or mitigate than site, surface, or near surface fires.

Picture of Mumbai Deonar Landfill fire captured by sensors on the Terra, Aqua, and Suomi NPP satellites

Slide4

Year 2 Objectives

Expanding analysis of historical leachate and gas dataUtilization of the NCSU Elevated Temperature Model to create two case study models of Florida landfillsUse ArcGIS to explore the propagation of landfill temperatures over timeDetermination of appropriate design and operating parameters to safely manage ash and waste

Slide5

Methodology - Task 1: Expanded Landfill Analysis

Historical leachate quality, wellhead gas data, waste disposed, and landfill geometry was examined for landfill cells throughout Florida during Year 1.Data for additional landfills will be obtained directly from FDEP or through individual landfill databases.Analyzing the historical data will allow us to observe changes in characteristics over time and correlate the findings with operational events (type of waste accepted, installation of gas wells, etc.).

Slide6

Methodology - Task 2: Elevated Temperature Modeling

The NCSU Elevated Temperature model will be applied to understand the impacts that certain biological and chemical reactions may have on temperatures within MSW landfills.This model designs a landfill as a batch reactor, describing a single addition of MSW to the landfill.

Heat Generation and Accumulation in Municipal Solid Waste Landfills (Hao et. al, 2017)

Slide7

Methodology - Task 2: Elevated Temperature Modeling

As batch reactors are closed systems, temperature and gas concentrations in this model do not vary spatially within the landfill.However, heat transfer through gas and liquid movement does occur through convection.Thus, leachate collection, gas extraction, and evaporation are all heat removal mechanisms included in the model.

Slide8

Methodology - Task 2: Elevated Temperature Modeling

The following heat sources will be tested: aerobic and anaerobic biological reactions, anaerobic metal corrosion, acid-base reactions, and ash hydration and carbonation.Two case study models of Florida landfills will be developed to understand the impact these reactions may have on heat generation in Florida landfills.

Slide9

Methodology - Task 2: Elevated Temperature Modeling

Elevated Temperature modeling is also being conducted using ArcGIS to show the propagation of landfill temperatures over time.Different interpolation methods (Kriging, IDW, Spline) will also be tested to determine the optimal interpolation method for landfill temperature and gas modeling.This will be completed for 5 landfills, 4 ETLFs and 1 Non-ETLF.

Slide10

Methodology - Task 3: Defining Operating Parameters for the NCSU Elevated Temperature Model

The NCSU Elevated Temperature model will be used to determine appropriate design and operating parameters required to safely manage ash and unburned waste.Impact of certain variables (gas flow rate, moisture content, ratio of methane/carbon dioxide, etc.) on internal temperatures will be studied.Ash and unburned waste reactions will be modeled in landfills to determine if they produce elevated temperatures in the modeled landfills.

Slide11

Project Timeline

Tasks

Month

1-2

3-4

5-6

7-8

9-10

11-12

Task 1. Expanded

Landfill Analysis

 

 

 

 

 

 

Task 2. EREF Elevated Temperature Modeling

 

 

 

 

 

 

Task 3. Defining Operating Parameters for the EREF Elevated Temperature Model

 

 

 

 

 

 

Annual and Quarterly Reports

 

 

 

 

 

 

TAG Meetings

 

 

 

 

 

 

Slide12

Results to Date

Slide13

Task 1. Historical Gas Temperature Data Analysis

A total of 27 landfills cells was studied (64% of active landfills):22 of these landfill cells provided landfill gas well monitoring data. 5 landfill cells were evaluated using exceedance reports.Of the 27 landfill cells, 78% reported temperature exceedances (greater than 131

°F).

Slide14

Task 1. Elevated Temperature Well Graphs

Slide15

Task 1. Cumulative Gas Temperature Data Analysis

Of the 22 landfill cells that provided monthly monitoring data, 64% had elevated temperatures.10% had >15% of wells with elevated temperatures

Slide16

Task 1. Cumulative Gas Quality Data Analysis

A CH4:CO2 ratio less than 1 is often an indicator of elevated temperatures within landfills.As gas well temperature increases, the percent of gas wells reporting a CH4:CO2 ratio < 1 increasesMethane generation impacted at temperatures > 145

Slide17

Task 1.

Landfill Size and Depth

N = 8 landfill cells (no elevated temp)

N =11 landfill cells (with elevated temp)

Slide18

Task 1.

Leachate Treatment

N = 7 landfills

Slide19

Task 1. Example ETLF

Leachate characteristics (Aromatics)

Leachate characteristics prior to ET (2005-2008) and during the period of ET (2008-2012) for an ETLF landfill:

Slide20

Task 1. Example ETLF

Leachate characteristics (Ketones)

Slide21

Task 1. Cause of Elevated Temperature – Air Intrusion?

Slide22

Task 1. Cause of Elevated Temperatures -Ash Disposal?

Data from 22 landfill cells analyzed; 14 (64%) landfills had elevated temps; 8 reported history of accepting ash.7 of these 8 landfills with ash report elevated temperatures (88%)Hydrolysis reactions with the metal oxides can generate significant energy by producing CO2 and H2 gases

Slide23

Task 1.

Effect of Ash Disposal on Maximum Temperature

N = 14 landfill cells (no ash)

N =8 landfill cells (with ash)

Slide24

Task 1.

Effect Of Ash Disposal On Percent Of Elevated Temperature Readings

N = 14 landfill cells (no ash)

N =8 landfill cells (with ash)

Slide25

Task 1. Effect of Ash Disposal on Percent of Elevated Temperature Readings

Effect of ash disposal on temperature over time: Landfill with medium ash concentration

Slide26

Task 1. Effect of Ash Disposal on Percent of Elevated Temperature Readings

Effect of ash disposal on temperature over time: Landfill with high ash concentration

Slide27

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2016

Task 2.

Propagation of Elevated Temperatures

Slide28

Task 2. Elevated Temperature Modeling

Steps have been taken to begin modeling using the NCSU elevated temperature model:A conference call was conducted between UCF and NCSU (Dr. Barlaz and Zisu Hoa)Meeting with NCSU next week at EREF ETLF WorkshopDecision was made to utilize the batch reactor model, applying the landfill geometry data UCF has compiled for Florida landfillsRyan will travel to NC State within the next month to learn how to use the model

Slide29

Preliminary Conclusions

Significant fraction of Florida landfills have elevated temperatures Methane generation impacted at temperatures > 145oFETLFs had greater depth than normal landfillsWhile other factors are important, ash disposal appears to have significant impact on ETLandfills with medium ash content had greater tendency for elevated temperature than low or high ash contents

Slide30

Future Work

Define operating and design parameters and apply the NCSU elevated temperature model to explore causes of elevated temperaturesUpdate landfill propagation using GIS software on multiple case study ETLFsComplete landfill gas/temperature data analysis for additional ETLFs without ash

Slide31

Presentations

Florida Water Resources Conference, Palm Beach, FL. April 23, 2017.World Environmental & Water Resources Congress 2017, Sacramento, Ca. May 21-25, 2017.SWANA Summer Conference, Fort Myers, FL. July 23-25, 2017. Sardinia Symposium, Forte Village, Italy. October 2-6, 2017.

Global Waste Management Symposium, Indian Wells, Ca. February 11-14, 2018.SCS Solid Waste Seminar, UCF. October 12, 2018.

http://www.cece.ucf.edu/people/reinhart/research/Elevated-Temperature/index.html

Slide32

AcknowledgementHinkley Center for Solid and Hazardous Waste Management

Environmental Research and Education Foundation S2Li

Slide33

Suggestions?

Image Courtesy of Google Images