© 2017 Pearson Education, - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

©

2017

Pearson

Education,

Inc

.Slide2

Question 1

Which of the following are

terrestrial planets?Only EarthEarth, Moon, and VenusMercury, Venus, Earth, and MarsMercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Mars, and PlutoMercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Mars, and Ceres

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.Slide3

Question 1

Which of the following are

terrestrial planets?Only EarthEarth, Moon, and VenusMercury, Venus, Earth, and MarsMercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Mars, and PlutoMercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Mars, and Ceres

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Terrestrial planets are “Earth-like.”

Slide4

Question 2

The major difference(s) between the terrestrial and

jovian planets involve(s)mass.density.surface gravity.density and surface gravity.mass and density.

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.Slide5

Question 2

The major difference(s) between the terrestrial and

jovian planets involve(s)mass.density.surface gravity.density and surface gravity.mass and density.

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Jovian planets are more massive, but less dense, than terrestrial planets.Slide6

Question 3

Which of the following defines

density?Mass times surface gravityMass divided by volumeSize divided by weightMass times surface areaWeight divided by size

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.Slide7

Question 3

Which of the following defines

density?Mass times surface gravityMass divided by volumeSize divided by weightMass times surface areaWeight divided by size

Explanation:

Density

can be thought of

as

Matter SpaceLots of matter in a small space = high density.Little matter in a large space = low density.© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.Slide8

Question 4

The angular diameter of an object

increases if the object is farther away.decreases if the object is farther away.is measured in light-years.determines its parallax.depends on its location in the sky.

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.Slide9

Question 4

The angular diameter of an object

increases if the object is farther away.decreases if the object is farther away.

is measured in light-years.

determines its parallax.

depends on its location

in

the sky.Explanation: Angular diameter depends directly on size and inversely on distance.© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.Slide10

Question 5

Compared with terrestrial planets,

jovian planets share all of the following characteristics EXCEPTlow density.large size. many moons. ring systems.slower rotation.

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.Slide11

Question 5

Compared with terrestrial planets,

jovian planets share all of the following characteristics EXCEPTlow density.large size. many moons. ring systems.slower rotation

.

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.Slide12

Question 6

Pluto seems to be more similar to

the terrestrial planets.the jovian planets.asteroids.the moons of jovian planets.

the moons of terrestrial planets.

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.Slide13

Question 6

Pluto seems to be more similar to

the terrestrial planets.the jovian planets.asteroids.the moons of jovian planets.

the moons of terrestrial planets.

Explanation:

Pluto

is perhaps best categorized as

a Kuiper belt object rather than a planet.© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.Slide14

Question 7

Most asteroids are found

beyond the orbit of Neptune.between Earth and the Sun.between Mars and Jupiter.in the orbit of Jupiter, but 60 degrees ahead or behind it.orbiting the jovian planets in captured, retrograde orbits.

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.Slide15

Question 7

Most asteroids are found

beyond the orbit of Neptune.between Earth and the Sun.between Mars and Jupiter.in the orbit of Jupiter, but 60 degrees ahead or behind it.orbiting the jovian planets in captured, retrograde orbits.

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

The

asteroid belt

is

located

between

2.1 and 3.3 AU from the Sun.Slide16

Question 8

The asteroid belt is evidence of

a planet that once orbited the Sun but later was destroyed.ancient material from the formation of the solar system.a collision between Jupiter and one of its larger moons.comets that were trapped by Jupiter’s gravitational field.

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.Slide17

Question 8

The asteroid belt is evidence of

a planet that once orbited the Sun but later was destroyed.ancient material from the formation of the solar system.a collision between Jupiter and one of its larger moons.comets that were trapped by Jupiter’s gravitational field.

Explanation:

Asteroids

, meteoroids, and

comets may

have not changed at all since the solar system formed.© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.Slide18

Question 9

Compared to asteroids,

comets show all of these properties EXCEPTtheir densities are higher.their orbits tend to be less circular.they tend to be made of ice.they can look fuzzy, whereas asteroids

appear as moving points of light.

their average distances from the

Sun are far greater.

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.Slide19

Question 9

Compared to asteroids,

comets show all of these properties EXCEPTtheir densities are higher.their orbits tend to be less circular.they tend to be made of ice.they can look fuzzy, whereas asteroids

appear as moving points of light.

their average distances from the

Sun are far greater.

Explanation

: Comets have densities much lower than asteroids or planets.© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.Slide20

Question 10

What causes a meteor shower?

A comet and an asteroid colliding

Earth running into a stray swarm of asteroids

Earth running into the debris of an old comet littering

its orbit

Meteorites being ejected from the Moon

Debris from a supernova entering Earth’s atmosphere© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.Slide21

Question 10

What causes a meteor shower?

A comet and an asteroid collidingEarth running into a stray swarm of asteroidsEarth running into the debris of an old comet littering its orbitMeteorites being ejected from the MoonDebris from a supernova entering Earth’s atmosphere

Explanation:

Meteor

showers can generate

a few

shooting stars, to hundreds of thousands, seen in an hour.© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.Slide22

Question 11

Any theory of the origin of the solar system must explain all of these EXCEPT

the orbits of the planets are nearly circular and in the same plane.the direction that planets orbit the Sun is opposite to the Sun’s spin.the terrestrial planets have higher density and lower mass.

comets do not necessarily orbit in the plane of the solar system.

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.Slide23

Question 11

Any theory of the origin of the solar system must explain all of these EXCEPT

the orbits of the planets are nearly circular and in the same plane.the direction that planets orbit the Sun is opposite to the Sun’s spin.the terrestrial planets have higher density and lower mass.comets do not necessarily orbit in the plane of the solar system.

Explanation:

The

planets

do

orbit in the same direction that the Sun spins. Most also spin in that direction, and most also have large moons that orbit in that direction. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.Slide24

Question 12

The

condensation sequence theory explains whyour planet Earth has water and rain.stars are more likely to form large planets orbiting very near.terrestrial planets are different from jovian planets.

the Moon formed near Earth.

Pluto has such a circular orbit.

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.Slide25

Question 12

The

condensation sequence

theory explains why

our planet Earth has water and rain.

stars are more likely to form large planets orbiting very near.

terrestrial planets are different from

jovian planets.the Moon formed near Earth. Pluto has such a circular orbit.Explanation: The condensation sequence theory explains how the temperature of the early solar nebula controls which materials are solid

and which

are gaseous.© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.Slide26

Question 13

Astronomers have detected most

extrasolar planets by observingthe “wobble” of their parent stars using spectroscopy.starlight reflected by their surfaces.eclipses when the planets block the light of their parent stars.the planets’ changing phases as they orbit their stars.

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.Slide27

Question 13

Astronomers have detected most

extrasolar planets by observingthe “wobble” of their parent stars using spectroscopy.starlight reflected by their surfaces.eclipses when the planets block the light of their parent stars.the planets’ changing phases as they orbit their stars.

Explanation:

Measurements

of

the

periodic Doppler shift in the spectra of the star 51 Pegasi indicate it has a planetary companion.© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.Slide28

Question 14

Extrasolar planets the size of Earth have NOT yet been seen with current techniques because

small planets probably don’t exist.the large planets nearby have swept them up.Earth-like planets take time to form.large planets orbiting near their stars are more easily detected.

small planets can only be seen if

they cross in front of their star.

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.Slide29

Question 14

Extrasolar planets the size of Earth have NOT yet been seen with current techniques because

small planets probably don’t exist.the large planets nearby have swept them up.Earth-like planets take time to form.large planets orbiting near their stars are more easily detected.

small planets can only be seen if

they cross in front of their star.

Explanation: Looking for detectable “wobbles”

in the spectra of stars finds massive planets with small orbits. Other techniques may be needed to see less massive Earth-like planets.

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.