PPT-Agricultural Genetic Selection

By C Kohn Agricultural Sciences Waterford WI Review Genes are stretches of DNA that code for specific sequences of amino acids that make the proteins necessary for physical traits For example blue eye color in human beings is due to the presence of lengths of DNA that code for the sequence of amino acids that create the blue pigment in eyes . Search and optimization method that mimics the natural selection. Terms to define. Chromosome – a set of . numbers representing one possible solution. Generation . – a single loop within GA loop search. Ideas in . Gattaca. Vocabulary. Look out for new vocabulary in this presentation that will be useful to use in your essays – it will be . coloured. . red. What is . Eugenics. ?. The . study of or belief in . process. Written in the genetic code of species alive today. Story of life on earth is the story of the molecule of life---DNA---and the various ways in which it manifests itself, in the form of living species in order to survive. agriportal.info/Ag Documents/. Genetics. and Breeding.. ppt.  . Basic Genetics. The basic unit of inheritance is the . gene. , located on . chromosomes . which are made up of strands of complex molecules called . March 5, 2014. 1. Evolutionary Computation (EC). 2. Introduction to Evolutionary Computation. Evolution is this process of adaption with the aim of improving the survival capabilities through processes such as . Jamie . Winternitz. Institute of Botany and Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences. Outline of talk. The Chimp and the River. Negative-frequency dependent selection. Phylogenetic methods. The Island Fox. to show optimal solutions to the maker Then one the Pareto solutions can be chosen depending on the the Pareto optimal solutions algorithms the variety individuals should kept in each generation Recen Polydactyly. Down Syndrome. Hemophelia. Progeria. Hypertrichosis. Sickle Cell Anaemia. INTRODUCTION. What is genetic diseases/disorders?. The human body is composed up of cells , each one specializing a particular function like sensing light, smelling . What is the difference between . the mice in these two groups?. What is genetic engineering?. Genetic engineering is the . direct modification of an organism’s genome. , which is the list of specific traits (genes) stored in the DNA. . Chapter 16. Population Genetics and Speciation. Terms to Know. Population genetics. – study of evolution from a genetic point of view. Microevolution. – evolution at the genetic level. Bell Curve. Allele Frequencies. The total number of copies of an allele divided by (for mammals) 2N. . Aa. AA. aa. Aa. AA. aa. Aa. Aa. Aa. Aa. AA. aa. AA. p. = 14/26 = 0.53; . q. = 12/26 = 0.47 . Aa. BB. cc. Dd. A) Directional selection. Chance events . Stabilizing selection . Disruptive selection. Answer Key – LO 1.2. Directional selection is most common wen a population’s environment changes or when members of a population migrate to a new habitat with different environmental conditions than their former one. Stabilizing selection acts against extreme phenotypes and favors intermediates variants. Disruptive selection occurs when environmental conditions favor individuals on both extremes of a phenotypic range over intermediate phenotypes. An example of directional selection is that black bears in Europe increase with size during the colder weather, only to decrease during the warmer weather. An example of stabilizing selection is the birth weights of most human babies lie in the range of 3-4 kg; babies who are much smaller or larger suffer higher rates of mortality. An example of disruptive selections is black- bellied seed cracker finches have two different beak sizes for cracking different types of seeds. . ?. G. enetic . engineering. , the artificial manipulation, modification, and recombination of DNA or other nucleic acid molecules in order to modify an organism or population of organisms. . This . may mean changing one base . Increases Sustainability of Animal Agriculture. 1972. 380 kg feed . . 100 kg . hog. 2007. 325 kg feed . . 125 kg . hog. Courtesy: Graham . Plastow. , Univ. Alberta. 1957 broiler 1978 broiler 2005 broiler at 56 days.