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Constitution and Statehood Constitution and Statehood

Constitution and Statehood - PowerPoint Presentation

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Constitution and Statehood - PPT Presentation

Chapter 7 A New Constitution Lesson 1 A New Government for New York When the colonists declared independence n 1776 New Yorkers no longer viewed themselves as belonging to the British New Yorkers elected ID: 446316

government constitution war state constitution government state war york yorkers states rights important british buffalo land people genesee john

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Slide1

Constitution and Statehood

Chapter 7Slide2

A New Constitution

Lesson 1Slide3

A New Government for New York

When the colonists declared independence n 1776, New Yorkers no longer viewed themselves as belonging to the British.

New Yorkers elected

representatives

, people chosen to speak for others. They included

John Jay

, a lawyer from NYC.

1777 – representatives met in

Kingston

to make a state

constitution

– a written plan of government. Slide4

New York State Constitution

Signed on April 20, 1777

States New Yorkers had important rights that could not be taken away.

Ex: following their own religions and a trial by jury. Slide5

New York’s First Elected Officials

June 1777 –

George Clinton

is elected to be the first governor of NYS. He served for 21 years.

A state

legislature

– lawmaking body – was also elected.

Only white men with property could vote and be members of legislature. Slide6

Forming the National Government:

The Articles of Confederation

The Continental Congress wrote the

Articles of Confederation

during the Revolution.

The Articles created a weak central government for the U.S. with no main leader and a Congress with very little power.

Goal: The founding fathers wanted a weak government because they feared the people’s rights being taken away. Slide7

The Articles Fail

Mid-1780’s – the weak government was a problem because the 13 states were not working together.

It looked like the U.S. would fail if a change was not made. Slide8

The Constitution Replaces the Articles

May 1787 –

Constitutional Convention

was held. It was a meeting of representatives from the different states in

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Goal: Improve the government.

Solution: the

United States Constitution

was written as a plan of government.

September 17, 1787 – Constitution was signed. Slide9

The U.S. Constitution: Structure

Begins with

Preamble

(introduction) with words “We the People.” It states the goals of the Constitution.

Goals

: to form a strong nation, protect people’s freedom, and improve people’s lives.

The document goes on to describe the plan for governing the U.S. Slide10

The Branches of U.S. Government

Three branches (parts) to make sure there is a

balance of power (checks and balances)

so none of the branches becomes too powerful. Slide11

Executive Branch

President

Duties: makes treaties, commands armed forces, and acts as head of state. Slide12

Judicial Branch

Federal Courts

Duties: interpret meaning of Constitution, interprets federal laws Slide13

Legislative

Congress

Duties: Makes laws, sets taxes,

b

orrows money declares warSlide14

Ratifying the Constitution

The Constitution required 9 of the 13 states to approve it for it to pass.

Critics worried it would give the central government too much power.

John Jay

and

Alexander Hamilton

supported the Constitution and raised support in NY.

July 26, 1788

– NY becomes the 11

th

state to approve of the Constitution. Slide15

The Bill of Rights

1791 –

Bill of Rights

is a list of 10 amendments, or additions, to the Constitution.

Goal: to protect the rights of the people so they cannot be taken by the government.

Other amendments would be added to the Constitution with time. Slide16

Bill of Rights (Cont

)

https://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=efKy4J81PTg

See page 202 of textbook for list. Slide17

United State Elects a President

1789 –

George Washington

was elected the first President.

Martha Washington

was the nation’s first First Lady.

New York City

was the

capital

– a city where the government meets.

April 30, 1789 –

Washington took the oath to “protect and defend” the Constitution. Slide18

Important New Yorkers

1790 – capital moved from NY to Philadelphia.

New Yorkers John Jay and Alexander Hamilton were picked for important jobs

by President Washington.

John Jay

was the chief justice (head judge) of the Supreme Court.

Alexander Hamilton

was the secretary of the treasury.

He was in charge of the nation's money. Slide19

Early New York State

Lesson 2Slide20

Meeting at Big Tree

From 1780 to 1800 the number of people in New York State jumped from 200,000 to 600,000 and young people realized they would have to move to find land.

New Yorkers wanted the land in western NY inhabited by Iroquois.

Red Jacket

, a Seneca leader, did not want to sell land but knew the Iroquois were not strong enough to resist.

1797 – Meeting at Big Tree (

Geneseo

) the Seneca agreed to sell most the land for $100,000 and keep the rest for Iroquois Reservations. Slide21

New Yorkers Move West

Utica

was an important town because it was the start of the

Genesee Road,

which led to New York’s western

frontier

(the edge of a settled area).

Early 1800s – New Yorkers traveled the Genesee road west to New York’s frontier and cleared farmland.

Result: Central and western New York became important farming regions for New York State. Slide22

Two New Cities

Buffalo

and

Rochester

were founded in the early 1800s.

They were founded along the

Genesee Road

. Slide23

Buffalo

Today Buffalo is New York’s second largest city.

Used to be a Seneca village on Buffalo Creek.

Joseph Hodge

is believed to have been the first non-Native American settler.

1780s - He escaped slavery and opened a store to trade with the Seneca families.

Joseph Ellicott

was a surveyor (a person who maps land).

1803 – He began drawing a plan of Buffalo city.

Buffalo became an important trading center because of its location on Lake Erie. Slide24

Rochester

Today Rochester is New York’s third largest city.

Founded were Genesee River flows into Lake Ontario.

Important because the fast flowing water is a good source of power.

Result: water powered mills built to cut wood and grind wheat into flour.

1803 – Nathaniel Rochester bought land on Genesee River and people began to move to the new town.

1817 – town was originally named

Rochesterville

. Slide25

The War of 1812

Background

: NYC continued to grow while new towns were founded and t

rade continued with Europe.

Trouble arose when Britain and France went to war in the early 1800s.

Causes of the War

:

Britain blockaded American trade with France and other European countries.

British boarded American ships and kidnapped American sailors. They forced them to fight in the British navy. Americans began to rally saying

“Free trade and sailors’ rights!” Slide26

The War of 1812

1812 – U.S. declares war on Britain.

Many battles were fought in New York.

1813 – British attacked Buffalo and set the town on fire.

The one house that was not burned down belonged to

Margaret St. John

who was the only inhabitant who refused to leave her home when the British marched in.

1814 –

Battle of Plattsburgh

British tried to sail from Canada into New York on Lake Champlain.

Americans at Plattsburgh did not allow it and defeated the British. Slide27

The War Ends

1815 – fighting ended

Effects of the War:

Neither side won the war but the war proved the United States was a formidable force and could stand on its own. Slide28

The Empire State

1820 – New York had grown to have the largest population of all the states.

It’s official nickname became the Empire State because George Washington has called it the “Seat of the Empire.”